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Chemostat approach for the directed evolution of biodesulfurization gain-of-function mutants.

ABSTRACT: Chemostat enrichment is a classical microbiological method that is well suited for use in directed-evolution strategies. We used a two-phase sulfur-limited chemostat to select for gain-of-function mutants with mutations in the biodesulfurization (Dsz) system of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8, enriching for growth in the presence of organosulfur compounds that could not support growth of the wild-type strain. Mutations arose that allowed growth with octyl sulfide and 5-methylbenzothiophene as sole sulfur sources. An isolate from the evolved chemostat population was genetically characterized and found to contain mutations in two genes, dszA and dszC. A transversion (G to T) in dszC codon 261 resulted in a V261F mutation that was determined to be responsible for the 5-methylbenzothiophene gain-of-function phenotype. By using a modified RACHITT (random chimeragenesis on transient templates) method, mutant DszC proteins containing all possible amino acids at that position were generated, and this mutant set was assayed for the ability to metabolize 5-methylbenzothiophene, alkyl thiophenes, and dibenzothiophene. No mutant with further improvements in these catalytic activities was identified, but several clones lost all activity, confirming the importance of codon 261 for enzyme activity.

SUBMITTER: Arensdorf JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC126670 | biostudies-literature | 2002 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chemostat approach for the directed evolution of biodesulfurization gain-of-function mutants.

Arensdorf Joseph J JJ Loomis A Katrina AK DiGrazia Philip M PM Monticello Daniel J DJ Pienkos Philip T PT

Applied and environmental microbiology 20020201 2

Chemostat enrichment is a classical microbiological method that is well suited for use in directed-evolution strategies. We used a two-phase sulfur-limited chemostat to select for gain-of-function mutants with mutations in the biodesulfurization (Dsz) system of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8, enriching for growth in the presence of organosulfur compounds that could not support growth of the wild-type strain. Mutations arose that allowed growth with octyl sulfide and 5-methylbenzothiophene as sol ...[more]

PMID: 11823208

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Project description:BACKGROUND:X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) (MIM 300752) is an erythropoietic porphyria due to gain-of-function mutations in the last exon (Ducamp et al., Hum Mol Genet 22:1280-88, 2013) of the erythroid-specific aminolevulinate synthase gene (ALAS2). Five ALAS2 exon 11 variants identified by the NHBLI Exome sequencing project (p.R559H, p.E565D, p.R572C, p.S573F and p.Y586F) were expressed, purified and characterized in order to assess their possible contribution to XLP. To further characterize the XLP gain-of-function region, five novel ALAS2 truncation mutations (p.P561X, p.V562X, p.H563X, p.E569X and p.F575X) were also expressed and studied. METHODS:Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate ALAS2 mutant clones and all were prokaryotically expressed, purified to near homogeneity and characterized by protein and enzyme kinetic assays. Standard deviations were calculated for 3 or more assay replicates. RESULTS:The five ALAS2 single nucleotide variants had from 1.3- to 1.9-fold increases in succinyl-CoA Vmax and 2- to 3-fold increases in thermostability suggesting that most could be gain-of-function modifiers of porphyria instead of causes. One SNP (p.R559H) had markedly low purification yield indicating enzyme instability as the likely cause for XLSA in an elderly patient with x-linked sideroblastic anemia. The five novel ALAS2 truncation mutations had increased Vmax values for both succinyl-CoA and glycine substrates (1.4 to 5.6-fold over wild-type), while the Kms for both substrates were only modestly changed. Of interest, the thermostabilities of the truncated ALAS2 mutants were significantly lower than wild-type, with an inverse relationship to Vmax fold-increase. CONCLUSIONS:Patients with porphyrias should always be assessed for the presence of the ALAS2 gain-of-function modifier variants identified here. A key region of the ALAS2 carboxyterminal region is identified by the truncation mutations studied here and the correlation of increased thermolability with activity suggests that increased molecular flexibility/active site openness is the mechanism of enhanced function of mutations in this region providing further insights into the role of the carboxyl-terminal region of ALAS2 in the regulation of erythroid heme synthesis.

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Dataset Information

Chemostat approach for the directed evolution of biodesulfurization gain-of-function mutants.

Publications

Chemostat approach for the directed evolution of biodesulfurization gain-of-function mutants.

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