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Binding of 7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin to wild-type and W128F mutant cytochrome P450 2D6 studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

ABSTRACT: Enzyme structure and dynamics may play a main role in substrate binding and the subsequent steps in the CYP (cytochrome P450) catalytic cycle. In the present study, changes in the structure of human CYP2D6 upon binding of the substrate are studied using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methods, focusing not only on the emission of the tryptophan residues, but also on emission of the substrate. As a substrate, MAMC [7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin] was selected, a compound exhibiting native fluorescence. As well as the wild-type, the W128F (Trp128-->Phe) mutant of CYP2D6 was studied. After binding, a variety of energy transfer possibilities exist, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to calculate distances and relative orientations of donors and acceptors. Energy transfer from Trp128 to haem appeared to be important; its emission was related to the shortest of the three average tryptophan fluorescence lifetimes observed for CYP2D6. MAMC to haem energy transfer was very efficient as well: when bound in the active site, the emission of MAMC was fully quenched. Steady-state anisotropy revealed that besides the MAMC in the active site, another 2.4% of MAMC was bound outside of the active site to wild-type CYP2D6. The tryptophan residues in CYP2D6 appeared to be less accessible for the external quenchers iodide and acrylamide in presence of MAMC, indicating a tightening of the enzyme structure upon substrate binding. However, the changes in the overall enzyme structure were not very large, since the emission characteristics of the enzyme were not very different in the presence of MAMC.

SUBMITTER: Stortelder A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1360716 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Binding of 7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin to wild-type and W128F mutant cytochrome P450 2D6 studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

Stortelder Aike A Keizers Peter H J PH Oostenbrink Chris C De Graaf Chris C De Kruijf Petra P Vermeulen Nico P E NP Gooijer Cees C Commandeur Jan N M JN Van der Zwan Gert G

The Biochemical journal 20060201 Pt 3

Enzyme structure and dynamics may play a main role in substrate binding and the subsequent steps in the CYP (cytochrome P450) catalytic cycle. In the present study, changes in the structure of human CYP2D6 upon binding of the substrate are studied using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methods, focusing not only on the emission of the tryptophan residues, but also on emission of the substrate. As a substrate, MAMC [7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin] was selected, a compound exhibitin ...[more]

PMID: 16190863

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Project description:Combining multiple stimuli-responsive functionalities into the polymer design is an attractive approach to improve nucleic acid delivery. However, more in-depth fundamental understanding how the multiple functionalities in the polymer structures are influencing polyplex formation and stability is essential for the rational development of such delivery systems. Therefore, in this study the structure and dynamics of thermosensitive polyplexes were investigated by tracking the behavior of labeled plasmid DNA (pDNA) and polymer with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The successful synthesis of a heterofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macroinitiator containing both an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) initiator is reported. The use of this novel PEG macroinitiator allows for the controlled polymerization of cationic and thermosensitive linear triblock copolymers and labeling of the chain-end with a fluorescent dye by maleimide-thiol chemistry. The polymers consisted of a thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, N), hydrophilic PEG (P), and cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA, D) block, further referred to as NPD. Polymer block D chain-ends were labeled with Cy3, while pDNA was labeled with FITC. The thermosensitive NPD polymers were used to prepare pDNA polyplexes, and the effect of the N/P charge ratio, temperature, and composition of the triblock copolymer on the polyplex properties were investigated, taking nonthermosensitive PD polymers as the control. FRET was observed both at 4 and 37 °C, indicating that the introduction of the thermosensitive PNIPAM block did not compromise the polyplex structure even above the polymer's cloud point. Furthermore, FRET results showed that the NPD- and PD-based polyplexes have a less dense core compared to polyplexes based on cationic homopolymers (such as PEI) as reported before. The polyplexes showed to have a dynamic character meaning that the polymer chains can exchange between the polyplex core and shell. Mobility of the polymers allow their uniform redistribution within the polyplex and this feature has been reported to be favorable in the context of pDNA release and subsequent improved transfection efficiency, compared to nondynamic formulations.

Dataset Information

Binding of 7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin to wild-type and W128F mutant cytochrome P450 2D6 studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

Publications

Binding of 7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin to wild-type and W128F mutant cytochrome P450 2D6 studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

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