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Proteinase 3 is an IL-32 binding protein.

ABSTRACT: IL-32, a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine with four isoforms, induces IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and chemokines. Here, we used ligand (IL-32alpha) affinity chromatography in an attempt to isolate an IL-32alpha soluble receptor or binding protein. Recombinant IL-32alpha was covalently immobilized on agarose, and preparations of concentrated crude human urinary proteins were applied for chromatographic separation. A specific 30-kDa protein eluted from the column during acid washing and was identified by mass spectrometry as proteinase 3 (PR3) and confirmed by N-terminal microsequencing. PR3, a neutrophil granule serine protease, exists in a soluble or membrane form and is the major autoantigen for autoantibodies in the systemic vasculitic disease, Wegener's granulomatosis. The affinity of IL-32alpha to PR3 was determined by surface plasmon resonance. The dissociation constants were 2.65 +/- 0.4 nM for urinary PR3 and 1.2 +/- 0.05 nM for neutrophil-derived PR3. However, irreversible inactivation of PR3 enzymatic activity did not significantly change binding to the cytokine. Nevertheless, limited cleavage of IL-32 yielded products consistent with PR3 enzyme activity. Moreover, after limited cleavage by PR3, IL-32alpha was more active than intact IL-32alpha in inducing macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in mouse macrophages and IL-8 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We suggest that PR3 is a specific IL-32alpha binding protein, independent of its enzymatic activity. However, limited cleavage of IL-32alpha by PR3 enhances activities of the cytokine. Therefore, specific inhibition of PR3 activity to process IL-32 or neutralization of IL-32 by inactive PR3 or its fragments may reduce the consequences of IL-32 in immune regulated diseases.

SUBMITTER: Novick D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1413913 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Proteinase 3 is an IL-32 binding protein.

Novick Daniela D Rubinstein Menachem M Azam Tania T Rabinkov Aharon A Dinarello Charles A CA Kim Soo-Hyun SH

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20060217 9

IL-32, a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine with four isoforms, induces IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and chemokines. Here, we used ligand (IL-32alpha) affinity chromatography in an attempt to isolate an IL-32alpha soluble receptor or binding protein. Recombinant IL-32alpha was covalently immobilized on agarose, and preparations of concentrated crude human urinary proteins were applied for chromatographic separation. A specific 30-kDa protein eluted from the column during acid washing and ...[more]

PMID: 16488976

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Project description:BackgroundInterleukin-32 (IL-32) has long been proposed as a biomarker for coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the association between IL-32 levels and coronary stenosis severity, IL-32 polymorphisms rs28372698 and rs4786370, and CAD susceptibility.MethodsA total of 362 patients with definite or suspected CAD that underwent angiography were recruited (CAD group, n = 175; nonobstructive CAD group, n = 56; control group, n = 131). The severity of coronary stenosis was assessed using the Gensini score and the number of diseased vessels. IL-32 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR and sequencing techniques.ResultsIL-32 levels were significantly different at different levels of coronary artery stenosis (p < 0.05), and logIL-32 was positively correlated with the Gensini score (r = 0.357, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that IL-32 was independently associated with CAD (OR = 6.526, 95% CI: 3.344-12.739, p < 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the area under the curve for discriminating the CAD and Gensini score were 0.605 and 0.613, respectively. Furthermore, IL-32 levels were significantly higher before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than at 7 days post-PCI (p = 0.012). The homozygous TT genotype and T allele of rs28372698 were found to be associated with increased risk of CAD, while TT homozygosity and the T allele of rs4786370 with reduced risk of CAD (p < 0.05). However, both SNPs had no obvious effect on IL-32 levels or coronary stenosis severity in patients with CAD.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to show that rs28372698 and rs4786370 are associated with CAD susceptibility in Chinese Han population. We also suggest that plasma IL-32 levels may be indicative of coronary artery stenosis and the efficacy of PCI and provide guidance for risk stratification and disease management.

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Proteinase 3 is an IL-32 binding protein.

Publications

Proteinase 3 is an IL-32 binding protein.

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