Intervention studies in occupational epidemiology.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kristensen TS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1740975 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review is to examine cooling intervention research in outdoor occupations, evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions, and offer recommendations for future studies. This review focuses on outdoor occupational studies conducted at worksites or simulated occupational tasks in climatic chambers.MethodsThis systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to identify original research on intervention studies published in peer-reviewed journals that aimed at reducing heat stress or heat-related illness from January 2000 to August 2020.ResultsA systematic search yielded a total of 1042 articles, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Occupations with cooling intervention studies included agriculture (n = 5), construction (n = 5), industrial workers (n = 4), and firefighters (n = 7). The studies focused on multiple types of cooling interventions cooling gear (vest, bandanas, cooling shirts, or head-cooling gel pack), enhanced heat dissipation clothing, forearm or lower body immersion in cold water, water dousing, ingestion of a crushed ice slush drink, electrolyte liquid hydration, and modified Occupational Safety and Health Administration recommendations of drinking water and resting in the shade.ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that using multiple cooling gears along with rest cycles may be the most effective method to reduce heat-related illness. Occupational heat-related illnesses and death may be mitigated by targeted cooling intervention and workplace controls among workers of vulnerable occupational groups and industries.
| S-EPMC7745167 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We profiled the DNA methylation of saliva cell types, to develop a tool for epidemiologic studies. Saliva was collected from 22 children, 21 participants with samples usable for DNA methylation, and sorted into immune and epithelial cells, using size exclusion filtration and magnetic bead sorting. DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Saliva immune and epithelial cells have distinct DNA methylation profiles, which can influence whole saliva epidemiologic measures.
2020-09-01 | GSE147318 | GEO
Project description:Recent studies on the role of epigenetics in complex disease have focused primarily on DNA methylation. As genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation are largely determined by cell type, analyses of bulk tissues, composed of a heterogeneous mix of cell types, limits the ability to identify both the specific loci affected by disease associated differences and the cell type within which these changes occur. Cell-specific datasets now make it possible to identify DNA methylation differences associated with disease in specific cell types. Critically, the analytical framework for these differ from the traditional bulk tissue approach, as the statistical method needs to characterise whether the difference affects multiple cell types or is specific to a particular cell-type. In this manuscript, we evaluate the effects on study design, data preprocessing and statistical analysis for cell-specific studies of DNAm, particularly for scenarios where multiple cell types are considered. For this study we take advantage of a large set of DNA methylation profiles (n = 751) obtained from five different purified cell populations isolated from human prefrontal cortex nuclei samples.
2024-11-06 | GSE279509 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2013-12-31 | GSE47385 | GEO
Project description:ObjectiveThe occupational risk for Legionella infection among dental healthcare workers (DHCWs) is conjectured because of the risk of routine inhalation of potentially contaminated aerosols produced by the dental instruments. Nevertheless, occupational epidemiology studies are contrasting. This meta-analysis assessed the level of scientific evidence regarding the relative occupational risk for Legionella infection among DHCWs.MethodsLiterature search was performed without time and language restrictions, using broad data banks (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, GOOGLE Scholar) and generic keywords ('legionella' AND 'dent*'). Analytical cross-sectional studies comparing prevalence of high serum Legionella antibody levels in DHCWs and occupationally unexposed individuals were considered. The relative occupational risk was assessed through prevalence ratio (PR) with 95%?CI. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran's Q test) and was used to choose the meta-analytic method. Study quality (modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) and publication bias (Begg and Mazumdar's test, Egger and colleagues' test, trim and fill R0 method) were assessed formally and considered for the sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis to study inclusion, subgroup analyses (dental staff categories; publication year, before vs after 1998, ie, 5?years after the release by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the infection control guidelines in dental healthcare setting) were performed.ResultsSeven studies were included (2232 DHCWs, 1172 occupationally unexposed individuals). No evidence of publication bias was detected. The pooled PR estimate was statistically non-significant at 95% level (1.7; 95%?CI 0.8 to 3.2), study-quality adjustment did not change the PR considerably (PR, 1.5; 95%?CI 0.5 to 4.1). PR was statistically significant before 1998 and no longer significant after 1998. Subgroup analysis according to DHCW categories was inconclusive.ConclusionsThere is no scientific evidence that DHCWs are at high occupational risk. The differences between former and recent studies could be due to different characteristics of municipal water systems and the infection control guideline dissemination.
| S-EPMC5734417 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe extent of exposure to occupational carcinogens is not well characterized in Iran, and little is known about the burden of occupational cancer.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe exposure to occupational carcinogens and occupational epidemiology studies in Iran.MethodsRelevant studies up to January 2021 in Iran were identified through three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar).ResultsForty-nine publications from 2009 to 2020 (one cohort, 11 case-control, 34 exposure monitoring studies, and three cancer burden studies) were included. The exposure monitoring studies were conducted mainly in the petroleum industry, metal industry, manufacturing of electronics, manufacturing of plastics, construction industry, and service industry. A few of the case-control studies also reported increased risk of cancers in relation to work in those industries.ConclusionsOccupational cancer epidemiology in Iran is at an early stage. Both epidemiological and exposure monitoring studies are generally limited in size to provide robust evidence of occupational cancer risks. A coherent strategy to estimate the occupational cancer burden in Iran should start with conducting epidemiological studies along with systematic monitoring of occupational carcinogens for use in hazard control and research.
| S-EPMC8305339 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The general health questionnaire (GHQ) is commonly used to assess symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD). Prevalence estimates for CMD caseness from UK population studies are thought to be in the range of 14-17%, and the UK occupational studies of which we are aware indicate a higher prevalence. This review will synthesise the existing research using the GHQ from both population and occupational studies and will compare the weighted prevalence estimates between them.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of CMD, as assessed by the GHQ, in all UK occupational and population studies conducted from 1990 onwards.The search revealed 65 occupational papers which met the search criteria and 15 relevant papers for UK population studies. The weighted prevalence estimate for CMD across all occupational studies which used the same version and cut-off for the GHQ was 29.6% (95% confidence intervals (CIs) 27.3-31.9%) and for comparable population studies was significantly lower at 19.1% (95% CIs 17.3-20.8%). This difference was reduced after restricting the studies by response rate and sampling method (23.9% (95% CIs 20.5%-27.4%) vs. 19.2% (95 CIs 17.1%-21.3%)).Counter intuitively, the prevalence of CMD is higher in occupational studies, compared to population studies (which include individuals not in employment), although this difference narrowed after accounting for measures of study quality, including response rate and sampling method. This finding is inconsistent with the healthy worker effect, which would presume lower levels of psychological symptoms in individuals in employment. One explanation is that the GHQ is sensitive to contextual factors, and it seems possible that symptoms of CMD are over reported when participants know that they have been recruited to a study on the basis that they belong to a specific occupational group, as in nearly all "stress" surveys.
| S-EPMC3817075 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveThe present study applied the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement to observational studies published in prestigious occupational medicine and health journals.ResultsA total of 60 articles was evaluated. All sub-items were reported in 63.74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.24-71.24%), not reported in 29.70% (95% CI, 20.2-39.2%), and not applicable in 6.56% (95% CI, 4.86-8.26%) of the studies. Of the 45 sub-items investigated in this survey, eight were reported 100% of the time, 13 were addressed in more than 90% of the articles, 22 were included in more than 75% of the studies, and 27 sub-items were applied in more than 50% of the articles published in the journals included in this study.
| S-EPMC5932818 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA recent Monographs Working Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that there is limited evidence for a causal association between exposure to asbestos and stomach cancer.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate this association. Random effects models were used to summarise the relative risks across studies. Sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup analyses and meta-regression.ResultsWe identified 40 mortality cohort studies from 37 separate papers, and cancer incidence data were extracted for 15 separate cohorts from 14 papers. The overall meta-SMR for stomach cancer for total cohort was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.27), with heterogeneous results across studies. Statistically significant excesses were observed in North America and Australia but not in Europe, and for generic asbestos workers and insulators. Meta-SMRs were larger for cohorts reporting a SMR for lung cancer above 2 and cohort sizes below 1000.ConclusionsOur results support the conclusion by IARC that exposure to asbestos is associated with a moderate increased risk of stomach cancer.
| S-EPMC4647249 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is no way to prevent functional declines related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The use of occupational therapy (OT) has been shown to be successful in managing some aspects of AD. We added home-based OT to evidence-based best practice for AD with the aim of delaying functional decline in people with AD. OT was delivered in the home to a caregiver dyad including the person with AD and her/his caregiver. This paper describes the OT intervention for the AD Multiple Intervention Trial, a parallel randomized controlled trial. We include baseline data on the 180 caregiver dyads.
| S-EPMC4796755 | biostudies-literature