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A defective, rearranged Epstein-Barr virus genome in EBER-negative and EBER-positive Hodgkin's disease.

ABSTRACT: A ubiquitous herpesvirus that establishes life-long infection, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has yielded little insight into how a single agent in general accord with its host can produce diverse pathologies ranging from oral hairy leukoplakia to nasopharyngeal carcinoma, from infectious mononucleosis to Hodgkin's disease (HD) and Burkitt's lymphoma. Its pathogenesis is further confounded by the less than total association of virus with histologically similar tumors. In other viral systems, defective (interfering) viral genomes are known to modulate outcome of infection, with either ameliorating or intensifying effects on disease processes initiated by prototype strains. To ascertain whether defective EBV genomes are present in HD, we examined paraffin-embedded tissue from 56 HD cases whose EBV status was first determined by cytohybridization for nonpolyadenylated EBV RNAs (EBERs). Using both standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR in situ hybridization, we successfully amplified sequences that span abnormally juxtaposed BamHI W and Z fragments characteristic of defective heterogeneous (het) EBV DNA from 10 of 32 (31%) EBER-positive tumors. Of 24 EBER-negative HD, 8 yielded PCR products indicating presence of het EBV DNA. Two of these contained defective EBV in the apparent absence of the prototype virus. Of the 42 tumors analyzed for defective EBV by both PCR techniques, there was concordance of results in 38 (90%). Detection of defective EBV genomes with the potential to disrupt viral gene regulation suggests one mechanism for pathogenic diversity that may also account for loss of prototypic EBV from individual tumor cells.

SUBMITTER: Gan YJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1867161 | biostudies-literature | 2002 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A defective, rearranged Epstein-Barr virus genome in EBER-negative and EBER-positive Hodgkin's disease.

Gan Yan-Jun YJ Razzouk Bassem I BI Su Tao T Sixbey John W JW

The American journal of pathology 20020301 3

A ubiquitous herpesvirus that establishes life-long infection, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has yielded little insight into how a single agent in general accord with its host can produce diverse pathologies ranging from oral hairy leukoplakia to nasopharyngeal carcinoma, from infectious mononucleosis to Hodgkin's disease (HD) and Burkitt's lymphoma. Its pathogenesis is further confounded by the less than total association of virus with histologically similar tumors. In other viral systems, defec ...[more]

PMID: 11891176

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Project description:The main target cells for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and persistence are B lymphocytes, although T and NK cells can also become infected. In this paper, we characterize the EBV present in 21 pediatric and adult patients who were treated in France for a range of diseases that involve infection of T or NK cells. Of these 21 cases, 5 pediatric patients (21%) and 11 adult patients (52%) were of Caucasian origin. In about 30% of the cases, some of the EBV genomes contain a large deletion. The deletions are different in every patient but tend to cluster near the BART region of the viral genome. Detailed investigation of a family in which several members have persistent T or NK cell infection by EBV indicates that the virus genome deletions arise or are selected independently in each individual patient. Genome sequence polymorphisms in the EBV in these T or NK cell diseases reflect the geographic origin of the patient and not a distinct type of EBV (the 21 cases studied included examples of both type 1 and type 2 EBV infection). Using virus produced from type 1 or type 2 EBV genomes cloned in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors, we demonstrate infection of T cells in cord blood from healthy donors. Our results are consistent with transient infection of some T cells being part of normal asymptomatic infection by EBV in young children. IMPORTANCE EBV contributes to several types of human cancer. Some cancers and nonmalignant lymphoproliferative diseases involving T or NK cells contain EBV. These diseases are relatively frequent in Japan and China and have been shown sometimes to have deletions in the EBV genome in the disease cells. We identify further examples of deletions within the EBV genome associated with T or NK cell diseases, and we provide evidence that the virus genomes with these deletions are most likely selected in the individual cases, rather than being transmitted between people during infection. We demonstrate EBV infection of cord blood T cells by highly characterized, cloned EBV genomes and suggest that transient infection of T cells may be part of normal asymptomatic infection by EBV in young children.

Project description:Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), is a rare malignancy of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. It shows strong association with Epstein-Barr virus infection and occurs more commonly in Asia and Latin America. Various genetic alterations have been identified in ENKL by gene expression profiling and sequencing techniques. The frequent deletion of chromosome 6q21 was reported to lead to the silence of several tumor suppressor genes. Also, there have been novel genetic mutations that were recently uncovered and were found to frequently activate several oncogenic pathways, including the JAK/STAT, NF-?B, and MAPK pathways. Besides, we believe that deregulated single genes and epigenetic dysregulation might be relevant to the mechanism of this disease and thus, may have the potential to shed lights on the development of new therapeutic strategies. The consensus on the standard treatment for ENKL has not yet been currently established. For localized ENKL patients, radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy and sequential patterns of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are recommended as first-line therapy. As for advanced or relapsed/refractory ENKL patients, the application of non-anthracycline-containing regimens have significantly improved the clinical outcome, contributing to higher response rate, longer overall survival and progression-free survival. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely recommended for consolidation after a complete remission or partial remission has been achieved. The anti-programmed death 1 antibody, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, has demonstrated favorable results in treating relapsed or refractory ENKL. Of the current ENKL treatment, researchers are still striving to validate how radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be optimally combined and which of the non-anthracycline-containing regimens is superior. In this review, we summarize the main genetic alterations frequently found in ENKL and their role in providing new insights into the therapeutic targets of this disease, and highlight the recent findings regarding new biologic markers, novel therapeutic strategies applied to this intriguing neoplasm.

Dataset Information

A defective, rearranged Epstein-Barr virus genome in EBER-negative and EBER-positive Hodgkin's disease.

Publications

A defective, rearranged Epstein-Barr virus genome in EBER-negative and EBER-positive Hodgkin's disease.

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