Dataset Information

Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages.

ABSTRACT: Mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus), which form a significant component of primate bushmeat in west central Africa, are infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmus). We identified and genetically characterized five new SIVmus strains infecting wild living mustached monkeys from Cameroon. Phylogenetic analysis of partial pol sequences revealed that SIVmus strains form two distinct groups within the clade comprised of lentiviruses isolated from Cercopithecus nictitans (SIVgsn), Cercopithecus mona (SIVmon) and C. cephus (SIVmus). Characterisation of three full-length SIVmus genomes confirmed the presence of two distinct lineages infecting mustached monkeys. These two variants of SIVmus, here designated SIVmus-1 and SIVmus-2, were isolated from animals sharing habitats within the same geographic region. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the diversification of SIVmus, SIVgsn and SIVmon involved inter-lineage recombination, and suggested that one of the SIVmus lineages likely resulted from cross-species transmission and recombination involving SIVmus and an as yet uncharacterized SIV. These results indicate that cross-species transmission and recombination play a major role in the evolution of primate lentiviruses among sympatric primate species.

SUBMITTER: Aghokeng AF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1900428 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages.

Aghokeng Avelin F AF Bailes Elizabeth E Loul Severin S Courgnaud Valerie V Mpoudi-Ngolle Eitel E Sharp Paul M PM Delaporte Eric E Peeters Martine M

Virology 20061206 2

Mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus), which form a significant component of primate bushmeat in west central Africa, are infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmus). We identified and genetically characterized five new SIVmus strains infecting wild living mustached monkeys from Cameroon. Phylogenetic analysis of partial pol sequences revealed that SIVmus strains form two distinct groups within the clade comprised of lentiviruses isolated from Cercopithecus nictitans (SIVgsn), Cercop ...[more]

PMID: 17156809

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Project description:BackgroundValsa canker is a serious disease in the stem of Malus sieversii, caused by Valsa mali. However, little is known about the global response mechanism in M. sieversii to V. mali infection.ResultsPhytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) profiles and transcriptome analysis were used to elaborate on the dynamic response mechanism. We determined that the JA was initially produced to respond to the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection at the early response stage, then get synergistically transduced with SA to respond at the late response stage. Furthermore, we adopted Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) full-length sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) during the canker response stage. We obtained 52,538 full-length transcripts, of which 8139 were DETs. Total 1336 lncRNAs, 23,737 alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites and 3780 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Additionally, functional annotation analysis of DETs indicated that the wild apple response to the infection of V. mali involves plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The co-expression network of the differentially expressed TFs revealed 264 candidate TF transcripts. Among these candidates, the WRKY family was the most abundant. The MsWRKY7 and MsWRKY33 were highly correlated at the early response stage, and MsWRKY6, MsWRKY7, MsWRKY19, MsWRKY33, MsWRKY40, MsWRKY45, MsWRKY51, MsWRKY61, MsWRKY75 were highly correlated at the late stage.ConclusionsThe full-length transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of immune responsive events in M. sieversii in response to V. mali infection. The phytohormone signal pathway regulatory played an important role in the response stage. Additionally, the enriched disease resistance pathways and differentially expressed TFs dynamics collectively contributed to the immune response. This study provides valuable insights into a dynamic response in M. sieversii upon the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection, facilitates understanding of response mechanisms to canker disease for apple, and provides supports in the identification of potential resistance genes in M. sieversii.

Project description:Nearly complete sequences of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting 18 different nonhuman primate species in sub-Saharan Africa have now been reported; yet, our understanding of the origins, evolutionary history, and geographic distribution of these viruses still remains fragmentary. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a lentivirus (SIVdeb) naturally infecting De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus). Complete SIVdeb genomes (9,158 and 9227 bp in length) were amplified from uncultured blood mononuclear cell DNA of two wild-caught De Brazza's monkeys from Cameroon. In addition, partial pol sequences (650 bp) were amplified from four offspring of De Brazza's monkeys originally caught in the wild in Uganda. Full-length (9068 bp) and partial pol (650 bp) SIVsyk sequences were also amplified from Sykes's monkeys (Cercopithecus albogularis) from Kenya. Analysis of these sequences identified a new SIV clade (SIVdeb), which differed from previously characterized SIVs at 40 to 50% of sites in Pol protein sequences. The viruses most closely related to SIVdeb were SIVsyk and members of the SIVgsn/SIVmus/SIVmon group of viruses infecting greater spot-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans), mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus), and mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona), respectively. In phylogenetic trees of concatenated protein sequences, SIVdeb, SIVsyk, and SIVgsn/SIVmus/SIVmon clustered together, and this relationship was highly significant in all major coding regions. Members of this virus group also shared the same number of cysteine residues in their extracellular envelope glycoprotein and a high-affinity AIP1 binding site (YPD/SL) in their p6 Gag protein, as well as a unique transactivation response element in their viral long terminal repeat; however, SIVdeb and SIVsyk, unlike SIVgsn, SIVmon, and SIVmus, did not encode a vpu gene. These data indicate that De Brazza's monkeys are naturally infected with SIVdeb, that this infection is prevalent in different areas of the species' habitat, and that geographically diverse SIVdeb strains cluster in a single virus group. The consistent clustering of SIVdeb with SIVsyk and the SIVmon/SIVmus/SIVgsn group also suggests that these viruses have evolved from a common ancestor that likely infected a Cercopithecus host in the distant past. The vpu gene appears to have been acquired by a subset of these Cercopithecus viruses after the divergence of SIVdeb and SIVsyk.

Dataset Information

Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages.

Publications

Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages.

Similar Datasets

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