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Locally controlled inhibitory mechanisms are involved in eukaryotic GPCR-mediated chemosensing.

ABSTRACT: Gprotein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling mediates a balance of excitatory and inhibitory activities that regulate Dictyostelium chemosensing to cAMP. The molecular nature and kinetics of these inhibitors are unknown. We report that transient cAMP stimulations induce PIP3 responses without a refractory period, suggesting that GPCR-mediated inhibition accumulates and decays slowly. Moreover, exposure to cAMP gradients leads to asymmetric distribution of the inhibitory components. The gradients induce a stable accumulation of the PIP3 reporter PHCrac-GFP in the front of cells near the cAMP source. Rapid withdrawal of the gradient led to the reassociation of G protein subunits, and the return of the PIP3 phosphatase PTEN and PHCrac-GFP to their pre-stimulus distribution. Reapplication of cAMP stimulation produces a clear PHCrac-GFP translocation to the back but not to the front, indicating that a stronger inhibition is maintained in the front of a polarized cell. Our study demonstrates a novel spatiotemporal feature of currently unknown inhibitory mechanisms acting locally on the PI3K activation pathway.

SUBMITTER: Xu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2064430 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:We report two sets of potential circadian clock target genes by high-throughput transcriptome profiling (RNA-sequencing): one set from the corpus callosum of the adult mouse brain and the other set from adult neural stem cell cultured from the SVZ (neurospheres) of the mouse brain. First, the corpus callosum was dissected from three adult wild-type and two Bmal1 knockout (Bmal1-/-) mice, mRNA profiles were generated by deep sequencing using BGISEQ-500 RNA-Seq platform. The sequence reads that passed quality control were analyzed: we mapped more than 21 million total clean reads, more than 96% total Mapping Ratio, more than 86% Uniquely Mapping Ratio per sample to mouse genome. qRT-PCR validation with primers covering at least 3 known housekeeping genes and at least 5 well-known circadian clock genes were performed with SYBR Green assay. 103 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the corpus callosum of Bmal1-/- mice (58 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated genes; |log2FC| > 1 & adjusted P-value < 0.05). Hypergeometric test revealed that potential functions of circadian clock target genes in the corpus callosum are secreted proteins as signaling molecules. For the second set of data, neurospheres were cultured from the SVZ of three adult wild-type and three adult Bmal1-/- mice, mRNA profiles were generated by deep sequencing using BGISEQ-500 RNA-Seq platform. The sequence reads that passed quality control were analyzed: we mapped more than 28 million total clean reads, more than 97% total Mapping Ratio, more than 68% Uniquely Mapping Ratio per sample to mouse genome. qRT-PCR validation with at least 3 known housekeeping genes and at least 5 well-known circadian clock genes using SYBR Green assay. 30 DEGs were identified in neurospheres cultured from Bmal1-/- mice (17 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated genes; |log2FC| > 1 & adjusted P-value < 0.05). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that potential circadian clock associated functions in the SVZ (neurospheres) are controlling diverse signal transductions.

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Locally controlled inhibitory mechanisms are involved in eukaryotic GPCR-mediated chemosensing.

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