Magnesium intake and colorectal cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: van den Brandt PA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2360034 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Nut intake has been associated with reduced total cancer-related mortality, but evidence for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is inconclusive. We investigated the associations between nut and peanut butter intake and anatomical CRC subtypes. To account for molecular heterogeneity, associations between nut and peanut butter intake and colorectal tumors harboring APC, KRAS or BRAF mutations, p53 overexpression or microsatellite instability were examined in secondary analyses. In the Netherlands Cohort Study (n = 120 852), lifestyle habits were measured with a questionnaire in 1986. After 20.3 years follow-up, 3567 CRC cases were included in case-cohort analyses. For the analyses of molecular CRC subtypes, 574 cases were included after 7.3 years follow-up. In categorical analyses, total nut intake was not significantly associated with CRC [HR (95% CI) 10+ g/day versus non-consumers = 0.94(0.78-1.15) in men; 0.96(0.75-1.22) in women]. In restricted cubic spline analyses, significant non-linear inverse associations with rectal cancer were observed for total nut, peanut and peanut butter intake in women, and borderline significant non-linear inverse associations for total nut and peanut intake in men. Regarding the molecular CRC subtypes, peanut butter intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal tumors that did not develop through the serrated neoplasia pathway in men [HR (95% CI) per 5 g/day increment = 1.22(1.07-1.38)]. Nut and peanut butter intake are non-linearly inversely associated with rectal cancer risk in women. In men, nut intake is borderline significantly non-linearly associated with a reduced rectal cancer risk. Peanut butter is associated with an increased risk of colorectal tumors that do not develop through the serrated neoplasia pathway in men.
| S-EPMC7566329 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The influence of sugar consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. Prospective cohort studies focusing on total and specific types of sugar intake among the Asian population who have different patterns of sugar intake sources than American and European populations are scarce. We intended to examine the association of sugar intake with CRC risk among middle-aged adults in a Japanese large-scale population-based cohort study. The participants (42,405 men and 48,600 women) who were 45-74 years old and answered the questionnaire in 1995-1999 in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study were followed up until December 2013. Total sugars, total fructose, and specific types of sugar intake were estimated using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire and divided into quintiles (Q1-Q5). We used Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the follow-up, 2118 CRC cases (1226 men and 892 women) were identified. We did not observe any clear association between all types of sugar intake and an increased risk of CRC. Analyses by tumor sites yielded a positive association of total sugar consumption with rectal cancer in women (1.75 [1.07-2.87] for Q1 vs. Q5; p linear trend = 0.03), but no statistically significant trend was detected among men. Sugar intake was not associated with CRC risk in middle-aged Japanese adults. However, for rectal cancer, the probability of an increased risk among women with a higher total sugar intake cannot be excluded.
| S-EPMC10236631 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence has been associated with a large variety of health benefits. However, prospective studies investigating the relation between MD adherence and colorectal cancer risk had inconsistent results. In this analysis of the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS), we evaluated sex- and subsite-specific associations of MD adherence with colorectal cancer risk. In 1986, 120,852 subjects filled out the NLCS baseline questionnaire, which incorporated a 150-item food frequency questionnaire. MD adherence was estimated through alternate Mediterranean diet scores including and excluding alcohol (aMED and aMEDr, respectively). Using 20.3 year follow-up data, 1993 male and 1574 female colorectal cancer cases could be included in multivariable case-cohort analyses. aMEDr was not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk, regardless of sex. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) per two-point increment were 1.04 (0.95-1.13) for men and 0.97 (0.88-1.07) for women. Additionally, there was no evidence of an inverse association with any of the colorectal cancer subsites (colon, proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum). In women, the association between aMEDr and colorectal cancer risk was significantly modified by smoking status (Pinteraction?=?0.015). Comparable results were obtained for the original aMED including alcohol. In conclusion, higher MD adherence was not associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer or anatomical subsites in the context of a Dutch population.
| S-EPMC7058569 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:Nut intake has been associated with reduced mortality and risk of cardiovascular diseases, but there is only limited evidence on cancer. We investigated the relationship between nut intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) subtypes. METHODS:In The Netherlands Cohort Study, 62,573 women aged 55-69 years provided information on dietary and lifestyle habits in 1986. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 2,321 incident breast cancer cases and 1,665 subcohort members were eligible for multivariate case-cohort analyses. RESULTS:Total nut intake was significantly inversely related to ER negative (ER?-) breast cancer risk, with HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.33-0.93) for those consuming at least 10 g nuts/day versus non-consumers (p trend?=?0.025). There were no significant inverse associations with ER?+?or total breast cancer. While there was no variation between PR subtypes, the ER-PR- subtype was also significantly inversely associated with nut intake, with HR 0.53 (95% CI 0.29-0.99), p trend?=?0.037. Intake of peanuts and tree nuts separately was also inversely related to ER?- breast cancer subtypes, while no associations were found with peanut butter intake. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest an inverse association between nut intake and ER?- breast cancer, and no association with total or hormone receptor-positive subtypes.
| S-EPMC5752734 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo date, the role of meat and fish intake in head-neck cancer (HNC) etiology is not well understood and prospective evidence is limited. This prompted us to study the association between meat, fish, and HNC subtypes, i.e., oral cavity cancer (OCC), oro- and hypopharyngeal cancer (OHPC), and laryngeal cancer (LC), within the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS).MethodsIn 1986, 120,852 participants (aged 55-69 years) completed a baseline 150-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which daily meat and fish intake were calculated. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 430 HNC overall (134 OCC, 90 OHPC and 203 LC) cases and 4,111 subcohort members were found to be eligible for case-cohort analysis. Multivariate hazard ratios were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards model within quartiles of energy-adjusted meat and fish intake.ResultsProcessed meat intake, but not red meat intake, was positively associated with HNC overall [HR(Q4 vs. Q1) = 1.46, 95% CI 1.06-2.00; ptrend = 0.03]. Among HNC subtypes, processed meat was positively associated with OCC, while no associations were found with OHPC and LC. Fish intake was not associated with HNC risk. Tests for interaction did not reveal statistically significant interaction between meat, fish, and alcohol or smoking on HNC overall risk.ConclusionsIn this large cohort study, processed meat intake was positively associated with HNC overall and HNC subtype OCC, but not with OHPC and LC.
| S-EPMC5400785 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Interrelationships between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), hyperinsulinaemia, diabetes, and colorectal cancer (CRC) indicate involvement of IGFs in colorectal tumorigenesis. We investigated the CRC risk associated with 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes related to the IGF pathway and an IGF1 19-CA repeat polymorphism. Variants were selected from literature and genotyped in toenail DNA from 3,768 subcohort members and 2,580 CRC cases from the Netherlands Cohort Study, which has a case-cohort design (n = 120,852). We used the follow-up period 1986-2002. Eighteen SNPs were unequivocally associated with selected endpoints in the literature and unfavorable alleles were aggregated into a genetic sum score. Cox regression showed that a higher genetic sum score significantly increased CRC risk at all subsites, except the rectum, in men (highest vs. lowest tertile: HR for CRC = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.65; P-trend = 0.002). Single SNPs (except the IGF1 SNP rs5742694) were not associated with risk. Models including the total number of IGF1 19-CA repeats showed CRC risk was halved at all subsites in women carrying < 38 repeats but not > 38 repeats (? 36 versus 38 repeats: HR for CRC = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.58; P-trend < 0.001). These findings support a role for variants in IGF-related genes in colorectal tumorigenesis.
| S-EPMC4585376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe evidence for an association between low intake of vegetables and fruits and increased colorectal cancer risk is inconclusive. Evaluating the colorectal cancer risk associated with continued low intake is important.MethodsWe used data of 45 516 and 14 549 subjects aged 40-79 years obtained in the baseline and interim surveys, respectively, from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study). The intake frequency of vegetables and fruits as assessed by a self-administered questionnaire was classified into tertiles of low, middle, and high groups, and the low group was subdivided into 2 equal groups (lower low and higher low groups). Colorectal cancer incidence determined from follow-up was used. Cox's proportional hazard model was employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for covariates.ResultsDuring 598 605 person-years of subject follow-up after baseline, we identified 806 colorectal cancer cases. HRs for the lower low versus the middle and high intake frequencies of vegetables and fruits at baseline were 0.95 (95% CI 0.77-1.16) and 1.08 (95% CI 0.90-1.29), respectively. During 125 980 person-years of subject follow-up after the interim survey, 197 colorectal cancer cases were identified. HRs for the low versus middle and high intake frequencies of vegetables and fruits in both baseline and interim surveys were 0.91 (95% CI 0.61-1.37) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.59-1.27), respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that low intake and continued low intake of vegetables and fruits are not strongly associated with colorectal cancer risk.
| S-EPMC4150005 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCereal-derived polyphenols have demonstrated protective mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) models; however, confirmation in human studies is lacking. Therefore, this study examined the association between cereal polyphenol intakes and CRC risk in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), a prospective cohort study in Melbourne, Australia that recruited participants between 1990 and 1994 to investigate diet-disease relationships.MethodsUsing food frequency questionnaire diet data matched to polyphenol data, dietary intakes of alkylresorcinols, phenolic acids, lignans, and total polyphenols from cereals were estimated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for CRC risk were estimated for quintiles of intake with the lowest quintile as the comparison category, using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time axis adjusted for sex, socio-economic status, alcohol consumption, fibre intake, country of birth, total energy intake, physical activity and smoking status.ResultsFrom 35,245 eligible adults, mean (SD) age 54.7 (8.6) years, mostly female (61%) and Australian-born (69%), there were 1394 incident cases of CRC (946 colon cancers and 448 rectal cancers). Results for total cereal polyphenol intake showed reduced HRs in Q2 (HR: 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.95) and Q4 (HR: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.90), and similar for phenolic acids. Alkylresorcinol intake showed reduced HR in Q3 (HR: 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.95) and Q4 (HR: 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.95).ConclusionsOverall, the present study showed little evidence of association between intakes of cereal polyphenols and CRC risk. Future investigations may be useful to understand associations between cereal-derived polyphenols and additional cancers in different populations.
| S-EPMC10557875 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an energy-sensing protein, which may affect tumorigenesis. We used SIRT1 variants as time-independent indicators of SIRT1 involvement in carcinogenesis and we studied two tagging SIRT1 variants in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We also evaluated known energy balance-related CRC risk factors within SIRT1 genotype strata. The Netherlands Cohort Study includes 120,852 individuals and has 20.3 years follow-up (case-cohort: nsubcohort = 5000; nCRC cases = 4667). At baseline, participants self-reported weight, weight at age 20, height, trouser/skirt size reflecting waist circumference, physical activity, and early life energy restriction. SIRT1 rs12778366 and rs10997870 were genotyped in toenail DNA available for ~75% of the cohort. Sex- and subsite-specific Cox hazard ratios (HRs) showed that the rs12778366 CC versus TT genotype decreased CRC and colon cancer risks in women (HRCRC = 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.30-0.94) but not men. Multiplicative interactions were observed between SIRT1 variants and energy balance-related factors in relation to CRC endpoints, but the direction of associations was not always conform expectation nor specific to one genotype stratum. In conclusion, these results support SIRT1 involvement in colon cancer development in women. No conclusions could be made regarding a modifying effect of SIRT1 variants on associations between energy balance-related factors and CRC risk.
| S-EPMC6224413 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe influence of sugar intake on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial, and there is a need to investigate the heterogeneity of effects among racial and ethnic groups.ObjectivesTo examine the association of intake of simple sugars and their food sources with CRC risk according to race/ethnicity in a multiethnic cohort study.MethodsWe analyzed data from 192,651 participants who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study comprising African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White older adults living in Hawaii and California with an average follow-up of 19 y. Intakes of total and specific types of sugars and sugary foods were estimated from a quantitative food frequency questionnaire completed by the participants in 1993-1996. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC risk according to quintiles (Q) of sugar and food intakes using Cox models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsAs of December 2017, 4403 incident CRC cases were identified. Among all participants, multivariable-adjusted CRC HRs for Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 compared with Q1 for total sugars were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.13), 1.05 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.16), 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.24), and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.27), respectively. A similar positive association was observed for total fructose, glucose, fructose, and maltose but not for added sugars and sugary foods. The increased risk appeared to be limited to colon cancer and to be strongest among younger participants (i.e., 45-54 y at baseline); an association with CRC was observed for sugar-sweetened beverages in the latter group. Among racial and ethnic groups, increased risk of CRC was most apparent in Latinos.ConclusionsIn this diverse cohort, intakes of total sugar, total fructose, glucose, fructose, and maltose were associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the association was strongest for colon cancer, younger participants, and Latinos.
| S-EPMC11375464 | biostudies-literature