Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

30 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex.

ABSTRACT: Structurally segregated and functionally specialized regions of the human cerebral cortex are interconnected by a dense network of cortico-cortical axonal pathways. By using diffusion spectrum imaging, we noninvasively mapped these pathways within and across cortical hemispheres in individual human participants. An analysis of the resulting large-scale structural brain networks reveals a structural core within posterior medial and parietal cerebral cortex, as well as several distinct temporal and frontal modules. Brain regions within the structural core share high degree, strength, and betweenness centrality, and they constitute connector hubs that link all major structural modules. The structural core contains brain regions that form the posterior components of the human default network. Looking both within and outside of core regions, we observed a substantial correspondence between structural connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity measured in the same participants. The spatial and topological centrality of the core within cortex suggests an important role in functional integration.

SUBMITTER: Hagmann P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2443193 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Mapping longitudinal hemispheric structural asymmetries of the human cerebral cortex from birth to 2 years of age.

Project description:Mapping cortical hemispheric asymmetries in infants would increase our understanding of the origins and developmental trajectories of hemispheric asymmetries. We analyze longitudinal cortical hemispheric asymmetries in 73 healthy subjects at birth, 1, and 2 years of age using surface-based morphometry of magnetic resonance images with a specific focus on the vertex position, sulcal depth, mean curvature, and local surface area. Prominent cortical asymmetries are found around the peri-Sylvian region and superior temporal sulcus (STS) at birth that evolve modestly from birth to 2 years of age. Sexual dimorphisms of cortical asymmetries are present at birth, with males having the larger magnitudes and sizes of the clusters of asymmetries than females that persist from birth to 2 years of age. The left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) is significantly posterior to the right SMG, and the maximum position difference increases from 10.2 mm for males (6.9 mm for females) at birth to 12.0 mm for males (8.4 mm for females) by 2 years of age. The right STS and parieto-occipital sulcus are significantly larger and deeper than those in the left hemisphere, and the left planum temporale is significantly larger and deeper than that in the right hemisphere at all 3 ages. Our results indicate that early hemispheric structural asymmetries are inherent and gender related.

| S-EPMC4031675 | biostudies-literature

A model for mapping between the human and rodent cerebral cortex.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC6773498 | biostudies-literature

Mapping repetition suppression of the N100 evoked response to the human cerebral cortex.

Project description:Repetition suppression (RS) phenomena, such as those observed using paired-identical-stimulus (S1-S2) paradigms, likely reflect adaptive functions such as habituation and, more specifically, sensory gating.To better characterize the neural networks underlying RS, we analyzed auditory S1-S2 data from electrodes placed on the cortices of 64 epilepsy patients who were being evaluated for surgical therapy. We identified regions with maximal amplitude responses to S1 (i.e., stimulus registration regions), regions with maximal suppression of responses to S2 relative to S1 (i.e., RS), and regions with no or minimal RS.Auditory perceptual regions, such as the superior temporal gyri, were shown to have significant initial registration activity (i.e., strong response to S1). Several prefrontal, cingulate, and parietal lobe regions were found to exhibit stronger RS than those recorded from the auditory perceptual areas.The data strongly suggest that the neural network underlying repetition suppression may include regions not previously thought to be involved, such as the parietal and cingulate cortexes. In addition, the data also support the notion that the initial response to stimuli and the ability to suppress the stimuli if repeated are two separate, but likely related, functions.

| S-EPMC3079011 | biostudies-literature

Mapping repetition suppression of the P50 evoked response to the human cerebral cortex.

Project description:ObjectiveThe cerebral network subserving repetition suppression (RS) of the P50 auditory evoked response as observed using paired-identical-stimulus (S1-S2) paradigms is not well-described.MethodsWe analyzed S1-S2 data from electrodes placed on the cortices of 64 epilepsy patients. We identified regions with maximal amplitude responses to S1 (i.e., stimulus registration), regions with maximal suppression of responses to S2 relative to S1 (i.e., RS), and regions with no or minimal RS 30-80 ms post stimulation.ResultsSeveral temporal, parietal and cingulate area regions were shown to have significant initial registration activity (i.e., strong P50 response to S1). Moreover, prefrontal, cingulate, and parietal lobe regions not previously proposed to be part of the P50 habituation neural circuitry were found to exhibit significant RS.ConclusionsThe data suggest that the neural network underlying the initial phases of the RS process may include regions not previously thought to be involved like the parietal and cingulate cortexes. In addition, a significant role for the frontal lobe in mediating this function is supported.SignificanceA number of regions of interest are identified through invasive recording that will allow further probing of the RS function using less invasive technology.

| S-EPMC3602141 | biostudies-literature

Mapping anatomical connectivity patterns of human cerebral cortex using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging tractography.

Project description:The characterization of the topological architecture of complex networks underlying the structural and functional organization of the brain is a basic challenge in neuroscience. However, direct evidence for anatomical connectivity networks in the human brain remains scarce. Here, we utilized diffusion tensor imaging deterministic tractography to construct a macroscale anatomical network capturing the underlying common connectivity pattern of human cerebral cortex in a large sample of subjects (80 young adults) and further quantitatively analyzed its topological properties with graph theoretical approaches. The cerebral cortex was divided into 78 cortical regions, each representing a network node, and 2 cortical regions were considered connected if the probability of fiber connections exceeded a statistical criterion. The topological parameters of the established cortical network (binarized) resemble that of a "small-world" architecture characterized by an exponentially truncated power-law distribution. These characteristics imply high resilience to localized damage. Furthermore, this cortical network was characterized by major hub regions in association cortices that were connected by bridge connections following long-range white matter pathways. Our results are compatible with previous structural and functional brain networks studies and provide insight into the organizational principles of human brain anatomical networks that underlie functional states.

| S-EPMC2722790 | biostudies-literature

Spatial embedding of structural similarity in the cerebral cortex.

Project description:Recent anatomical tracing studies have yielded substantial amounts of data on the areal connectivity underlying distributed processing in cortex, yet the fundamental principles that govern the large-scale organization of cortex remain unknown. Here we show that functional similarity between areas as defined by the pattern of shared inputs or outputs is a key to understanding the areal network of cortex. In particular, we report a systematic relation in the monkey, human, and mouse cortex between the occurrence of connections from one area to another and their similarity distance. This characteristic relation is rooted in the wiring distance dependence of connections in the brain. We introduce a weighted, spatially embedded random network model that robustly gives rise to this structure, as well as many other spatial and topological properties observed in cortex. These include features that were not accounted for in any previous model, such as the wide range of interareal connection weights. Connections in the model emerge from an underlying distribution of spatially embedded axons, thereby integrating the two scales of cortical connectivity--individual axons and interareal pathways--into a common geometric framework. These results provide insights into the origin of large-scale connectivity in cortex and have important implications for theories of cortical organization.

| S-EPMC4246295 | biostudies-literature

Mapping the orbitofrontal cortex using temporal fluctuations in cerebral blood flow.

Project description:IntroductionThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in diverse cognitive and behavioral processes including incentive valuation, decision-making, and reinforcement learning. Anatomic and cytoarchitectonic studies divide the OFC along both medial-lateral and rostral-caudal axes. OFC regions diverge in structure and function, assessed in vivo using white matter tractography and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI, respectively. However, interpretation of T2 *-weighted BOLD is limited by susceptibility artifacts in the inferior frontal lobes, with the spatial pattern of these artifacts frequently assuming the geometry of OFC organization. Here, we utilize a novel perfusion-weighted arterial spin labeling (ASL) functional connectivity approach, which is minimally susceptibility-weighted, to test the hypothesis that OFC topology reflects correlated temporal hemodynamic activity.MethodsIn healthy participants (n = 20; age = 29.5 ± 7.3), 3D ASL scans were acquired (TR/TE = 3,900/13 ms; spatial resolution = 3.8 mm isotropic). To evaluate reproducibility, follow-up scanning on a separate day was performed on a participant subset (n = 8). ASL-based connectivity was modeled for gray matter OFC voxels, and k-means clustering (k = 2-8) applied to correlation statistics.ResultsThese approaches revealed both medial-lateral and rostral-caudal OFC divisions, confirming our hypothesis. Longitudinal reproducibility testing revealed 84% voxel clustering agreement between sessions for the k = 2 solution.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this constitutes the first in vivo cortical parcellation based on perfusion fluctuations. Our approach confirms functional OFC subdivisions predicted from anatomy using a less susceptibility-sensitive method than the conventional approach.

| S-EPMC7994685 | biostudies-literature

Rattus novegicus cerebral cortex hiCLIP mapping of STAU2 binding sites

Project description:Using an improved hiCLIP protocol (Lee & Chakrabarti et al.), we mapped the binding sites of STAU2 in rat cortex and their secondary structure context.

2021-12-04 | E-MTAB-11201 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mapping hemispheric asymmetries of the macaque cerebral cortex during early brain development.

Project description:Studying cortical hemispheric asymmetries during the dynamic early postnatal stages in macaque monkeys (with close phylogenetic relationship to humans) would increase our limited understanding on the possible origins, developmental trajectories, and evolutional mechanisms of brain asymmetries in nonhuman primates, but remains a blind spot to the community. Via cortical surface-based morphometry, we comprehensively analyze hemispheric structural asymmetries in 134 longitudinal MRI scans from birth to 20 months of age from 32 healthy macaque monkeys. We reveal that most clusters of hemispheric asymmetries of cortical properties, such as surface area, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and vertex positions, expand in the first 4 months of life, and evolve only moderately thereafter. Prominent hemispheric asymmetries are found at the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, posterior temporal cortex, superior temporal gyrus (STG), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and cingulate cortex. Specifically, the left planum temporale and left STG consistently have larger area and thicker cortices than those on the right hemisphere, while the right STS, right cingulate cortex, and right anterior insula are consistently deeper than the left ones, partially consistent with the findings in human infants and adults. Our results thus provide a valuable reference in studying early brain development and evolution.

| S-EPMC7267900 | biostudies-literature

Mapping Human Laryngeal Motor Cortex during Vocalization.

Project description:The representations of the articulators involved in human speech production are organized somatotopically in primary motor cortex. The neural representation of the larynx, however, remains debated. Both a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation have been previously described. It is unknown, however, whether both representations are located in primary motor cortex. Here, we mapped the motor representations of the human larynx using functional magnetic resonance imaging and characterized the cortical microstructure underlying the activated regions. We isolated brain activity related to laryngeal activity during vocalization while controlling for breathing. We also mapped the articulators (the lips and tongue) and the hand area. We found two separate activations during vocalization-a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation. Structural and quantitative neuroimaging revealed that myelin content and cortical thickness underlying the dorsal, but not the ventral larynx representation, are similar to those of other primary motor representations. This finding confirms that the dorsal larynx representation is located in primary motor cortex and that the ventral one is not. We further speculate that the location of the ventral larynx representation is in premotor cortex, as seen in other primates. It remains unclear, however, whether and how these two representations differentially contribute to laryngeal motor control.

| S-EPMC7610685 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data