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Impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus.

ABSTRACT: Pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have become a major obstacle to the successful completion of the global polio eradication program. Most cVDPVs are recombinant between the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and human enterovirus species C (HEV-C). To study the role of HEV-C sequences in the phenotype of cVDPVs, we generated a series of recombinants between a Madagascar cVDPV isolate and its parental OPV type 2 strain. Results indicated that the HEV-C sequences present in this cVDPV contribute to its characteristics, including pathogenicity, suggesting that interspecific recombination contributes to the phenotypic biodiversity of polioviruses and may favor the emergence of cVDPVs.

SUBMITTER: Riquet FB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2519664 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus.

Riquet Franck B FB Blanchard Claire C Jegouic Sophie S Balanant Jean J Guillot Sophie S Vibet Marie-Anne MA Rakoto-Andrianarivelo Mala M Delpeyroux Francis F

Journal of virology 20080625 17

Pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have become a major obstacle to the successful completion of the global polio eradication program. Most cVDPVs are recombinant between the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and human enterovirus species C (HEV-C). To study the role of HEV-C sequences in the phenotype of cVDPVs, we generated a series of recombinants between a Madagascar cVDPV isolate and its parental OPV type 2 strain. Results indicated that the HEV-C sequences present in t ...[more]

PMID: 18579607

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Project description:ImportanceThe Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) may be a tool for polio outbreak response in certain situations.ObjectiveTo investigate the response to a type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) outbreak.Design, setting, and participantsThis case series was conducted in China after a VDPV2 was detected in stool specimens from a child with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Sichuan Province in 2019, 3 years after the global withdrawal of live, attenuated type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Investigation followed National Health Commission and World Health Organization guidance and included searching hospitals for unreported AFP cases; testing stool specimens from the child, his contacts, and local children; enhanced environmental surveillance for VDPV2s in wastewater; and measuring vaccination coverage. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns were conducted in a wide geographic area.Main outcomes and measuresAny VDPV2 detection after completion of the supplementary immunization activities.ResultsA 28-nucleotide-change VDPV2 was isolated from a young boy. Three VDPV2s were detected in healthy children; 2 were contacts of the original child, and none had paralysis. A search of 31 million hospital records found 10 unreported AFP cases; none were polio. No type 2 polioviruses were found in wastewater. Prior to the event, polio vaccine coverage was 65% among children younger than 5 years. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns reached more than 97% of targeted children, administering 1.4 million doses. No transmission source was identified. More than 1 year of enhanced poliovirus environmental and AFP surveillance detected no additional VDPVs.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings suggest that the circulating VPDV2 outbreak in 2019 was associated with low vaccine coverage. An investigation discovered 3 infected but otherwise healthy children and no evidence of the virus in wastewater. Following Sabin-strain IPV-only campaigns expanding from county to prefecture, the poliovirus was not detected, and the outbreak response was considered by an expert panel and the World Health Organization to have been successful. This success suggests that the Sabin-strain IPV may be a useful tool for responding to circulating VDPV2 outbreaks when high-quality supplementary immunization activities can be conducted and carefully monitored in settings with good sanitation.

Dataset Information

Impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus.

Publications

Impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus.

Similar Datasets

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