Dataset Information

Determination of glycolipid-protein interaction specificity.

ABSTRACT: Glycolipids are found on all eukaryotic cells. Their expression varies among tissues, with the highest density found in the brain, where glycolipids are the most abundant of all glycoconjugate classes. In addition to playing roles in membrane structure, glycolipids also act as cell surface recognition molecules, mediating cell-cell interactions, as well as binding certain pathogens and toxins. Because of their amphipathic nature, underivatized glycolipids are amenable to immobilization on hydrophobic surfaces, where they can be probed with lectins, antibodies, pathogens, toxins, and intact cells to reveal their binding specificities and affinities. Three particularly useful methods to probe specific glycolipid-mediated recognition events are microwell adsorption (ELISA), thin layer chromatography overlay, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy.

SUBMITTER: Lopez PH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2562870 | biostudies-literature | 2006

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Determination of glycolipid-protein interaction specificity.

Lopez Pablo H H PH Schnaar Ronald L RL

Methods in enzymology 20060101

Glycolipids are found on all eukaryotic cells. Their expression varies among tissues, with the highest density found in the brain, where glycolipids are the most abundant of all glycoconjugate classes. In addition to playing roles in membrane structure, glycolipids also act as cell surface recognition molecules, mediating cell-cell interactions, as well as binding certain pathogens and toxins. Because of their amphipathic nature, underivatized glycolipids are amenable to immobilization on hydrop ...[more]

PMID: 17132507

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Project description:Proteins function in crowded cellular environments in which they must bind to specific target proteins but also avoid binding to many other off-target proteins. In large protein families this task is particularly challenging because many off-target proteins have very similar structures. How this specificity of physical protein-protein interactions in cellular networks is encoded and evolves is not very well understood. Here we address the question of specificity-encoding by comprehensively quantifying the effects of all mutations in one protein, JUN, on its binding to all other members of a protein family, the 54 human basic leucine zipper transcription factors. Fitting a global thermodynamic model to the data reveals that most affinity changing mutations equally affect JUN’s propensity to bind to all its interaction partners. Mutations that alter the specificity of binding are much rarer. These specificity-altering mutations are, however, distributed throughout the JUN interaction interface. JUN’s interaction specificity is encoded by both positive determinants that promote on-target interactions and negative determinants that prevent off-target interactions. Indeed, about half of the specificity-defining residues in JUN have dual functions and both promote on-target binding and prevent off-target binding. Whereas nearly all mutations that alter specificity are pleiotropic and also alter the affinity of binding to all interaction partners, the converse is not true with mutations outside of the interface able to tune affinity without affecting specificity. Our results provide the first global view of how mutations in a protein affect binding to all its potential interaction partners and reveal the distributed encoding of specificity and affinity in an interaction interface. They also show how the modular architecture of coiled-coils provides an elegant solution to the challenge of optimising specificity and affinity in a large protein family.

Dataset Information

Determination of glycolipid-protein interaction specificity.

Publications

Determination of glycolipid-protein interaction specificity.

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