Dataset Information

Involvement of the ethylene response pathway in dormancy induction in chrysanthemum.

ABSTRACT: Temperature plays a significant role in the annual cycling between growth and dormancy of the herbaceous perennial chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). After exposure to high summer temperatures, cool temperature triggers dormancy. The cessation of flowering and rosette formation by the cessation of elongation are characteristic of dormant plants, and can be stimulated by exogenous ethylene. Thus, the ethylene response pathway may be involved in temperature-induced dormancy of chrysanthemum. Transgenic chrysanthemums expressing a mutated ethylene receptor gene were used to assess this involvement. The transgenic lines showed reduced ethylene sensitivity: ethylene causes leaf yellowing in wild-type chrysanthemums, but leaves remained green in the transgenic lines. Extension growth and flowering of wild-type and transgenic lines varied between temperatures: at 20 degrees C, the transgenic lines showed the same stem elongation and flowering as the wild type; at cooler temperatures, the wild type formed rosettes with an inability to flower and entered dormancy, but some transgenic lines continued to elongate and flower. This supports the involvement of the ethylene response pathway in the temperature-induced dormancy of chrysanthemum. At the highest dosage of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing agent, wild-type plants formed rosettes with an inability to flower and became dormant, but one transgenic line did not. This confirms that dormancy is induced via the ethylene response pathway.

SUBMITTER: Sumitomo K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2639020 | biostudies-literature | 2008

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Involvement of the ethylene response pathway in dormancy induction in chrysanthemum.

Sumitomo Katsuhiko K Narumi Takako T Satoh Shigeru S Hisamatsu Tamotsu T

Journal of experimental botany 20081024 15

Temperature plays a significant role in the annual cycling between growth and dormancy of the herbaceous perennial chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). After exposure to high summer temperatures, cool temperature triggers dormancy. The cessation of flowering and rosette formation by the cessation of elongation are characteristic of dormant plants, and can be stimulated by exogenous ethylene. Thus, the ethylene response pathway may be involved in temperature-induced dormancy of chrysa ...[more]

PMID: 18952907

Similar Datasets

Project description:Abiotic stresses have a negative effect on crop production, affecting both vegetative and reproductive development. Ethylene plays a relevant role in plant response to environmental stresses, but the specific contribution of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling components in the salt stress response differs between Arabidopsis and rice, the two most studied model plants. In this paper, we study the effect of three gain-of-function mutations affecting the ethylene receptors CpETR1B, CpETR1A, and CpETR2B of Cucurbita pepo on salt stress response during germination, seedling establishment, and subsequent vegetative growth of plants. The mutations all reduced ethylene sensitivity, but enhanced salt tolerance, during both germination and vegetative growth, demonstrating that the three ethylene receptors play a positive role in salt tolerance. Under salt stress, etr1b, etr1a, and etr2b germinate earlier than WT, and the root and shoot growth rates of both seedlings and plants were less affected in mutant than in WT. The enhanced salt tolerance response of the etr2b plants was associated with a reduced accumulation of Na+ in shoots and leaves, as well as with a higher accumulation of compatible solutes, including proline and total carbohydrates, and antioxidant compounds, such as anthocyanin. Many membrane monovalent cation transporters, including Na+/H+ and K+/H+ exchangers (NHXs), K+ efflux antiporters (KEAs), high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs), and K+ uptake transporters (KUPs) were also highly upregulated by salt in etr2b in comparison with WT. In aggregate, these data indicate that the enhanced salt tolerance of the mutant is led by the induction of genes that exclude Na+ in photosynthetic organs, while maintaining K+/Na+ homoeostasis and osmotic adjustment. If the salt response of etr mutants occurs via the ethylene signalling pathway, our data show that ethylene is a negative regulator of salt tolerance during germination and vegetative growth. Nevertheless, the higher upregulation of genes involved in Ca2+ signalling (CpCRCK2A and CpCRCK2B) and ABA biosynthesis (CpNCED3A and CpNCED3B) in etr2b leaves under salt stress likely indicates that the function of ethylene receptors in salt stress response in C. pepo can be mediated by Ca2+ and ABA signalling pathways.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Seed dormancy is a prevailing condition in which seeds are unable to germinate, even under favorable environmental conditions. Harvested Brassica oleracea (Chinese cabbage) seeds are dormant and normally germinate (poorly) at 21?°C. This study investigated the connections between ethylene, nitric oxide (NO), and karrikin 1 (KAR1) in the dormancy release of secondary dormant Brassica oleracea seeds. RESULTS:NO and KAR1 were found to induce seed germination, and stimulated the production of ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and both ethylene biosynthesis enzyme ACC oxidase (ACO) [1] and ACC synthase (ACS) [2]. In the presence of NO and KAR1, ACS and ACO activity reached maximum levels after 36 and 48?h, respectively. The inhibitor of ethylene 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) had an adverse effect on Brassica oleracea seed germination (inhibiting nearly 50% of germination) in the presence of NO and KAR1. The benefits from NO and KAR1 in the germination of secondary dormant Brassica oleracea seeds were also associated with a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2O2 and O2?-) and antioxidant enzyme activity at early germination stages. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased 2 d and 4 d, respectively, after treatment, while no significant changes were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under NO and KAR1 applications. An increase in H2O2 and O2?- levels were observed during the entire incubation period, which increasing ethylene production in the presence of NO and KAR1. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents decreased and glutathione reductase (GA) contents increased in the presence of NO and KAR1. Gene expression studies were carried out with seven ethylene biosynthesis ACC synthases (ACS) genes, two ethylene receptors (ETR) genes and one ACO gene. Our results provide more evidence for the involvement of ethylene in inducing seed germination in the presence of NO and KAR1. Three out of seven ethylene biosynthesis genes (BOACS7, BOACS9 and BOACS11), two ethylene receptors (BOETR1 and BOETR2) and one ACO gene (BOACO1) were up-regulated in the presence of NO and KAR1. CONCLUSION:Consequently, ACS activity, ACO activity and the expression of different ethylene related genes increased, modified the ROS level, antioxidant enzyme activity, and ethylene biosynthesis pathway and successfully removed (nearly 98%) of the seed dormancy of secondary dormant Brassica olereace seeds after 7 days of NO and KAR1 application.

Project description:Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Huaihuang' has ornamental, edible, medicinal, and tea product uses. However, its field growth, yield, and quality are negatively affected by black spot disease caused by Alternaria sp. (Strain: HQJH10092301; GenBank accession number: KF688111). In this study, we transcriptionally and transgenically characterized a new cultivar, 'Huaiju 2#' (Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine Plant Cultivar identification number: 2016002), which was bred from 'Huaihuang' and shows resistance to Alternaria sp. Numerous 'Huaiju 2#' plants were inoculated with Alternaria sp. for three or five days. Metabolic analysis showed increases in both salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in infected plants compared to the control. Protein activity analysis also revealed a significant increase in defense enzyme activities in infected plants. RNA-Seq of plants infected for 3 or 5 days produced a total of 58.6 GB of clean reads. Among these reads, 16,550 and 13,559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Cm_3 dpi (sample from 3 days post-inoculation labeled as Cm_3 dpi) and Cm_5 dpi (sample from 5 days post-inoculation labeled as Cm_5 dpi), respectively, compared with their controls (Cm_0 d: a mixture samples from 0 d (before inoculation) and those treated with sterile distilled water at 3 dpi and 5 dpi). Gene annotation and cluster analysis of the DEGs revealed a variety of defense responses to Alternaria sp. infection, which were characterized by increases in resistance (R) proteins and the reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and JA signaling pathways. In particular, SA signaling was highly responsive to Alternaria sp. infection. The qPCR analysis of 12 DEG candidates supported their differential expression characterized by using the RNA-Seq data. One candidate was CmNPR1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1), an important positive regulator of SA in systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Overexpression of CmNPR1 in 'Huaiju 2#' increased the resistance of transgenic plants to black spot. These findings indicate that the SA response pathway is likely involved in the defense of 'Huaiju 2#' against Alternaria sp. pathogens.

Project description:APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF), a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family, plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants, and in their response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information on AP2/ERF in Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), an edible and medicinal vegetable used worldwide, is scarce. A total of 212 AP2/ERF genes were identified in the C. moschata genome (CmoAP2/ERFs). Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into four groups-28 AP2s, 92 ERFs, 86 dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) factors, and 6 ABI3/VPs (RAV). The 212 AP2/ERF genes were unevenly distributed on the 20 chromosomes of C. moschata. The results of structural analysis showed the absence of introns on 132 CmoAP2/ERFs. Four pairs of tandem duplication and 155 pairs of segmental duplication events were identified, which indicated that segmental duplications might be the main reason for the expansion of the CmoAP2/ERF family. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) showed that most of the CmoAP2/ERFs contained hormone response elements (ABREs, EREs) in their promoters, suggesting that AP2/ERFs could contribute to the processes regulated by ethylene and abscisic acid. By comparing the transcriptome of ethephon-treated and control plants, we found that 16 CmoAP2/ERFs were significantly upregulated after ethephon treatment. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns of these genes at different developmental stages of female and male flowers. This study provides insights into the identification, classification, physicochemical property, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal location, gene structure, motif identification, and CRE prediction of the AP2/ERF superfamily in C. moschata. Sixteen CmoAP2/ERF genes were identified as ethylene-inducible genes. The results of this study will be valuable for understanding the roles of CmoAP2/ERFs in ethylene response and should provide a foundation for elucidating the function of AP2/ERF TFs in C. moschata.

Dataset Information

Involvement of the ethylene response pathway in dormancy induction in chrysanthemum.

Publications

Involvement of the ethylene response pathway in dormancy induction in chrysanthemum.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets