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Polymorphism in Carbamazepine Cocrystals.

ABSTRACT: Cocrystals of carbamazepine with nicotinamide and saccharin are shown to be polymorphic. Two polymorphs of carbamazepine-nicotinamide (CBZ-NCT) cocrystals and two polymorphs of carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) cocrystals were grown from solution in the presence of polymer heteronuclei. The two CBZ-NCT polymorphs, CBZ-NCT I and a polymer nucleated (PN) form of CBZ-NCT, were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. CBZ-SAC II, a new polymorph, was found to be in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 35.72 Å, b = 6.84 Å, c = 16.11 Å, and ? = 98.03°. The unique feature of CBZ-SAC II is the formation of a heterosynthon between the carbamazepine and saccharin. These results are notable because CBZ-NCT and CBZ-SAC are among the most widely studied pharmaceutical cocrystals.

SUBMITTER: Porter WW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2668533 | biostudies-literature | 2008

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Polymorphism in Carbamazepine Cocrystals.

Porter William W WW Elie Sophia C SC Matzger Adam J AJ

Crystal growth & design 20080101 1

Cocrystals of carbamazepine with nicotinamide and saccharin are shown to be polymorphic. Two polymorphs of carbamazepine-nicotinamide (CBZ-NCT) cocrystals and two polymorphs of carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) cocrystals were grown from solution in the presence of polymer heteronuclei. The two CBZ-NCT polymorphs, CBZ-NCT I and a polymer nucleated (PN) form of CBZ-NCT, were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. CBZ-SAC II, a new polymorph, was found to be in the monoc ...[more]

PMID: 19367342

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Project description:Labile multicomponent crystal forms of carbamazepine have been studied with an aim of identifying the structural and surface features that drive the outcome of thermal stress-induced transformations. Stress-induced transformations of labile multicomponent organic solids may have a significant impact on industrial manufacturing processes, for example, in the pharmaceutical field. This study considers 15 carbamazepine (CBZ) multicomponent crystal forms, with the aim of identifying the structural and surface features that drive the outcome of thermal stress-induced transformations. Analysis of the crystal structures, and specifically the degree of similarity with the CBZ polymorphs produced by desolvation-like processes, identifies some degree of correlation between structural features. In particular, mutually exclusive supramolecular motifs identified previously within CBZ crystal structures are frequently (but not invariably) preserved, and thereby provide some indication of the anticipated polymorphic outcome. This is broadly consistent with established models relating reactant and product crystal phases. Some of the CBZ multicomponent materials show surface modifications indicative of the formation of a liquid intermediate phase, which provides an alternative dissolution/recrystallization mechanism and different polymorphic outcomes compared to the direct solid–solid transformation pathway. Other cases show intermediates of varying stoichiometry and instances of chemical decomposition. Hence, the product of thermal decomposition is frequently affected by the physical properties of the coformer, such as boiling point and reactivity. This can lead to a dependence on experimental conditions, especially when events such as recrystallization, chemical decomposition of the coformer, solubilization and peritectic melting occur concomitantly. This study highlights that the overall picture is complex, even within this series of closely related materials.

Project description:Leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic tropical disease with numerous clinical manifestations. One of the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) known for causing ulcerative lesions on the skin. The adverse effects of the recommended available drugs, such as amphotericin B and pentavalent antimonial, and the emergence of drug resistance in parasites, mean the search for new safe and effective anti-leishmanial agents is crucial. Miltefosine (MIL) was the first recommended oral medication, but its use is now limited because of the rapid emergence of resistance. Pharmaceutical cocrystallization is an effective method to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Herein, we describe the cocrystallization of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (CU, 1a; 2-oxobenzopyrane-3-carboxylic acid, C10H6O4) with five coformers [2-amino-3-bromopyridine (1b), 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridine (1c), 2-amino-6-methylpyridine (1d), p-aminobenzoic acid (1e) and amitrole (1f)] in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio via the neat grinding method. The cocrystals 2-6 obtained were characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Non-covalent interactions, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, C-H...π and π...π interactions contribute significantly towards the packing of a crystal structure and alter the physicochemical and biological activity of CU. In this research, newly synthesized cocrystals were evaluated for their anti-leishmanial activity against the MIL-resistant L. tropica and cytotoxicity against the 3T3 (normal fibroblast) cell line. Among the non-cytotoxic cocrystals synthesized (2-6), CU:1b (2, IC50 = 61.83 ± 0.59 µM), CU:1c (3, 125.7 ± 1.15 µM) and CU:1d (4, 48.71 ± 0.75 µM) appeared to be potent anti-leishmanial agents and showed several-fold more anti-leishmanial potential than the tested standard drug (MIL, IC50 = 169.55 ± 0.078 µM). The results indicate that cocrystals 2-4 are promising anti-leishmanial agents which require further exploration.

Dataset Information

Polymorphism in Carbamazepine Cocrystals.

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Polymorphism in Carbamazepine Cocrystals.

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