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Worldwide patterns of haplotype diversity at 9p21.3, a locus associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.

ABSTRACT: A 100 kb region on 9p21.3 harbors two major disease susceptibility loci: one for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and one for coronary heart disease (CHD). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these two diseases in Europeans reside on two adjacent haplotype blocks with independent effects on disease. To help delimit the regions that likely harbor the disease-causing variants in populations of non-European origin, we studied the haplotype diversity and allelic history of the 9p21.3 region using 938 unrelated individuals from 51 populations (Human Genome Diversity Panel). We used SNP data from Illumina's 650Y SNP arrays supplemented with five additional SNPs within the region of interest. Haplotype frequencies were analyzed with the EM algorithm implemented in PLINK. For the T2D locus, the TT risk haplotype of SNPs rs10811661 and rs10757283 was present at similar frequencies in all global populations, while a shared 6-SNP haplotype that carries the protective C allele of rs10811661 was found at a frequency of 2.9% in Africans and 41.3% in East Asians and was associated with low haplotype diversity. For the CHD locus, all populations shared a core risk haplotype spanning >17.5 kb, which shows dramatic increase in frequency between African (11.5%) and Middle Eastern (63.7%) populations. Interestingly, two SNPs (rs2891168 and rs10757278) tagging this CHD risk haplotype are most strongly associated with CHD disease status according to independent clinical fine-mapping studies. The large variation in linkage disequilibrium patterns identified between the populations demonstrates the importance of allelic background data when selecting SNPs for replication in global populations. Intriguingly, the protective allele for T2D and the risk allele for CHD show an increase in frequency in non-Africans compared to Africans, implying different population histories for these two adjacent disease loci.

SUBMITTER: Silander K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2689443 | biostudies-literature | 2009 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Worldwide patterns of haplotype diversity at 9p21.3, a locus associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.

Silander Kaisa K Tang Hua H Myles Sean S Jakkula Eveliina E Timpson Nicholas J NJ Cavalli-Sforza Luigi L Peltonen Leena L

Genome medicine 20090512 5

A 100 kb region on 9p21.3 harbors two major disease susceptibility loci: one for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and one for coronary heart disease (CHD). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these two diseases in Europeans reside on two adjacent haplotype blocks with independent effects on disease. To help delimit the regions that likely harbor the disease-causing variants in populations of non-European origin, we studied the haplotype diversity and allelic history of the 9p21.3 reg ...[more]

PMID: 19463184

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Project description:BackgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two complex diseases with complex interrelationships. However, the genetic architecture of the two diseases is often studied independently by the individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach. Here, we presented a genotypic-phenotypic framework for deciphering the genetic architecture underlying the disease patterns of CHD and T2D.MethodA data-driven SNP-set approach was performed in a genome-wide association study consisting of subpopulations with different disease patterns of CHD and T2D (comorbidity, CHD without T2D, T2D without CHD and all none). We applied nonsmooth nonnegative matrix factorization (nsNMF) clustering to generate SNP sets interacting the information of SNP and subject. Relationships between SNP sets and phenotype sets harboring different disease patterns were then assessed, and we further co-clustered the SNP sets into a genetic network to topologically elucidate the genetic architecture composed of SNP sets.ResultsWe identified 23 non-identical SNP sets with significant association with CHD or T2D (SNP-set based association test, P < 3.70 × [Formula: see text]). Among them, disease patterns involving CHD and T2D were related to distinct SNP sets (Hypergeometric test, P < 2.17 × [Formula: see text]). Accordingly, numerous genes (e.g., KLKs, GRM8, SHANK2) and pathways (e.g., fatty acid metabolism) were diversely implicated in different subtypes and related pathophysiological processes. Finally, we showed that the genetic architecture for disease patterns of CHD and T2D was composed of disjoint genetic networks (heterogeneity), with common genes contributing to it (pleiotropy).ConclusionThe SNP-set approach deciphered the complexity of both genotype and phenotype as well as their complex relationships. Different disease patterns of CHD and T2D share distinct genetic architectures, for which lipid metabolism related to fibrosis may be an atherogenic pathway that is specifically activated by diabetes. Our findings provide new insights for exploring new biological pathways.

Dataset Information

Worldwide patterns of haplotype diversity at 9p21.3, a locus associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.

Publications

Worldwide patterns of haplotype diversity at 9p21.3, a locus associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.

Similar Datasets

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