Analysis of a band 7/MEC-2 family gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Walters S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2693890 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Ulcerative Colitis (UC) has been reported to be related to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), a virulence factor released by P. gingivalis, is known to induce inflammatory responses. To explore the pathological relationships between PPAD and UC, we used homologous recombination technology to construct a P. gingivalis strain in which the PPAD gene was deleted (Δppad) and a Δppad strain in which the PPAD gene was restored (comΔppad). C57BL/6 mice were orally gavaged with saline, P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad twice a week for the entire 40 days (days 0-40), and then, UC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution for 10 days (days 31-40). P. gingivalis and comΔppad exacerbated DDS-induced colitis, which was determined by assessing the parameters of colon length, disease activity index, and histological activity index, but Δppad failed to exacerbate DDS-induced colitis. Flow cytometry and ELISA revealed that compared with Δppad, P. gingivalis, and comΔppad increased T helper 17 (Th17) cell numbers and interleukin (IL)-17 production but decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) numbers and IL-10 production in the spleens of mice with UC. We also cocultured P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad with T lymphocytes in vitro and found that P. gingivalis and comΔppad significantly increased Th17 cell numbers and decreased Treg cell numbers. Immunofluorescence staining of colon tissue paraffin sections also confirmed these results. The results suggested that P. gingivalis exacerbated the severity of UC in part via PPAD.
| S-EPMC8484350 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In common with many bacterial virulence genes, the fimbrillin (fimA) gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis is modulated in response to environmental fluctuation. The trans-acting components that comprise the regulatory system for transcriptional activity of the fimA gene in P. gingivalis were investigated. Three major proteins were found to bind to the upstream region of the fimA promoter. One of these proteins was fimbrillin itself, and the other two were a major arginine protease (Rgp) and lysine protease (Kgp). Production of these proteins was necessary for maximal fimA transcription. An exogenous fimA promoter-lacZ reporter was inactive when introduced into a strain of P. gingivalis carrying a mutation in the indigenous fimA gene. Furthermore, fimA mRNA levels were significantly decreased in rgp and kgp mutant strains. These data indicate that P. gingivalis has evolved multiple levels of control of fimbrial gene expression to enhance its survival in hostile environments.
| S-EPMC97752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A gene from the periodontal organism Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified as encoding a DNA methylase. The gene, referred to as pgiIM, has been sequenced and found to contain a reading frame of 864 basepairs. The putative amino acid sequence of the encoded methylase was 288 amino acids, and shared 47% and 31% homology with the Streptococcus pneumoniae DpnII and E. coli Dam methylases, respectively. The activity and specificity of the pgi methylase (M.PgiI) was confirmed by cloning the gene into a dam- strain of E. coli (JM110) and performing a restriction analysis on the isolated DNA with enzymes whose activities depended upon the methylation state of the DNA. The data indicated that M.PgiI, like DpnII and Dam, methylated the adenine residue within the sequence 5'-GATC-3'.
| S-EPMC328560 | biostudies-other
Project description:Marginal periodontitis is not a homogeneous disease but is rather influenced by an intricate set of host susceptibility differences as well as diversities in virulence among the harbored organisms. It is likely that clonal heterogeneity of subpopulations with both high and low levels of pathogenicity exists among organisms harbored by individuals with negligible, slight, or even severe periodontal destruction. Therefore, specific virulent clones of periodontal pathogens may cause advanced and/or aggressive periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a predominant periodontal pathogen that expresses a number of potential virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and accumulated evidence shows that its expression of heterogenic virulence properties is dependent on clonal diversity. Fimbriae are considered to be critical factors that mediate bacterial interactions with and invasion of host tissues, with P. gingivalis shown to express two distinct fimbria-molecules, long and short fimbriae, on the cell surface, both of which seem to be involved in development of periodontitis. Long fimbriae are classified into six types (I to V and Ib) based on the diversity of fimA genes encoding FimA (a subunit of long fimbriae). Studies of clones with type II fimA have revealed their significantly greater adhesive and invasive capabilities as compared to other fimA type clones. Long and short fimbriae induce various cytokine expressions such as IL-1α, IL-β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which result in alveolar bone resorption. Although the clonal diversity of short fimbriae is unclear, distinct short fimbria-molecules have been found in different strains. These fimbriae variations likely influence the development of periodontal disease.
| S-EPMC3647041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in the etiology of chronic periodontitis. Genotyping studies suggest that genetic variability exists among P. gingivalis strains; however, the extent of variability remains unclear and regions of variability remain largely unidentified. To assess P. gingivalis strain diversity, we previously used heteroduplex analysis of the ribosomal operon intergenic spacer region (ISR) to type strains in clinical samples and identified 22 heteroduplex types. Additionally, we used ISR sequence analysis to determine the relatedness of P. gingivalis strains to one another and demonstrated a link between ISR sequence phylogeny and the disease-associated phenotype of the strains. In the current study, heteroduplex analysis of the ISR was used to determine the worldwide genetic variability and distribution of P. gingivalis, and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was used to more comprehensively examine the variability of major heteroduplex type strains by using the entire genome. Heteroduplex analysis of clinical samples from geographically diverse populations identified 6 predominant geographically widespread heteroduplex types (prevalence, > or = 5%) and 14 rare heteroduplex types (prevalence, <2%) which are found in one or a few locations. CGH analysis of the genomes of seven clinically prevalent heteroduplex type strains identified 133 genes from strain W83 that were divergent in at least one of the other strains. The relatedness of the strains to one another determined on the basis of genome content (microarray) analysis was highly similar to their relatedness determined on the basis of ISR sequence analysis, and a striking correlation between the genome contents and disease-associated phenotypes of the strains was observed.
| S-EPMC2756895 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding porphypain, a cysteine proteinase previously isolated from detergent extracts of the Porphyromonas gingivalis W12 cell surface, are described. The prtP gene encoded a unique protein of 1,732 amino acids, including a putative signal sequence for protein secretion. The predicted molecular mass for the mature protein was 186 kDa, which was close to the observed molecular mass of 180 kDa. There was one copy of prtP in the genomes of seven P. gingivalis strains examined. The gene was located 5' to a region with a high degree of homology to the insertion element IS1126 in P. gingivalis W12. The PrtP protein had regions of high homology to HagA, a hemagglutinin of P. gingivalis, and to several purported proteinases of P. gingivalis that have Arg-X specificity. A detailed comparison of genes encoding the latter and cpgR suggested that rgp-1, prpR1, prtR, agp, cpgR, and possibly prtH were derived from identical genetic loci. Although an rgp-1-like locus was detected in seven P. gingivalis strains by Southern blot analyses, agp and cpgR were not detected, not even in the strains from which they were originally isolated. In addition, at least 20 copies of a repeat region common to PrtP, the Rgp-1-like proteins, and HagA were observed in each of the seven genomes examined. The repeat region hybridization patterns for strains W83 and W50 were very similar, and they were identical for strains 381 and ATCC 33277, providing further evidence that these strains are closely related genetically.
| S-EPMC178006 | biostudies-other
Project description:UnlabelledThe CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated genes) system provides prokaryotic cells with an adaptive and heritable immune response to foreign genetic elements, such as viruses, plasmids, and transposons. It is present in the majority of Archaea and almost half of species of Bacteria. Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important human pathogen that has been proven to be an etiological agent of periodontitis and has been linked to systemic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. At least 95% of clinical strains of P. gingivalis carry CRISPR arrays, suggesting that these arrays play an important function in vivo. Here we show that all four CRISPR arrays present in the P. gingivalis W83 genome are transcribed. For one of the arrays, we demonstrate in vivo activity against double-stranded DNA constructs containing protospacer sequences accompanied at the 3' end by an NGG protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM). Most of the 44 spacers present in the genome of P. gingivalis W83 share no significant similarity with any known sequences, although 4 spacers are similar to sequences from bacteria found in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Four spacers match genomic sequences of the host; however, none of these is flanked at its 3' terminus by the appropriate PAM element.ImportanceThe CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated genes) system is a unique system that provides prokaryotic cells with an adaptive and heritable immunity. In this report, we show that the CRISPR-Cas system of P. gingivalis, an important human pathogen associated with periodontitis and possibly also other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease, is active and provides protection from foreign genetic elements. Importantly, the data presented here may be useful for better understanding the communication between cells in larger bacterial communities and, consequently, the process of disease development and progression.
| S-EPMC4507336 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory dysbiotic disease. Among putative dysbiosis causes, transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis between individuals of the same family remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the likelihood of shared detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis among cohabiting family members. Methods: A literature search was conducted on different databases up to September 2018. Articles assessing the presence of P.gingivalis between members of the same family were screened. Only English literature was retrieved, whereas no limits were applied for bacterial sampling and detection methods. Results: Overall, 26 articles published between 1993 and 2017 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 articles were used for meta-analyses. Based on bacterial culture, the likelihood of an intra-familial transmission of P.gingivalis once a member of the family harbors the bacterium is estimated at 63.5% (n = 132 pairs of family members); this drops to 45% when pooling together culture and Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (n = 481 pairs), whereas it is estimated at 35.7% when genotyping is applied (n = 137 pairs). Conclusion: Pooled results suggest that the likelihood of detecting P.gingivalis within within family members is moderately frequent. Personalized periodontal screening and prevention may consider intra-familial co-occurrence of P.gingivalis as feasible.
| S-EPMC6844440 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Strand-specific transcriptome profiling with directly labeled RNA on genomic tiling microarrays
| PRJNA135807 | ENA
Project description:Comparative expression profile of Porphyromonas gingivalis parent strain W83 and the HU protein (PG0121) mutant during exponential growth in rich medium.
| PRJNA150591 | ENA