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Interleukin 7 signaling in dendritic cells regulates the homeostatic proliferation and niche size of CD4+ T cells.

ABSTRACT: Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and T cell antigen receptor signals have been proposed to be the main drivers of homeostatic T cell proliferation. However, it is not known why CD4(+) T cells undergo less-efficient homeostatic proliferation than CD8(+) T cells do. Here we show that systemic IL-7 concentrations increased during lymphopenia because of diminished use of IL-7 but that IL-7 signaling on IL-7 receptor-alpha-positive (IL-7Ralpha(+)) dendritic cells (DCs) in lymphopenic settings paradoxically diminished the homeostatic proliferation of CD4(+) T cells. This effect was mediated at least in part by IL-7-mediated downregulation of the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II on IL-7Ralpha(+) DCs. Our results indicate that IL-7Ralpha(+) DCs are regulators of the peripheral CD4(+) T cell niche and that IL-7 signals in DCs prevent uncontrolled CD4(+) T cell population expansion in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Guimond M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2713006 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interleukin 7 signaling in dendritic cells regulates the homeostatic proliferation and niche size of CD4+ T cells.

Guimond Martin M Veenstra Rachelle G RG Grindler David J DJ Zhang Hua H Cui Yongzhi Y Murphy Ryan D RD Kim Su Young SY Na Risu R Hennighausen Lothar L Kurtulus Sema S Erman Batu B Matzinger Polly P Merchant Melinda S MS Mackall Crystal L CL

Nature immunology 20090111 2

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and T cell antigen receptor signals have been proposed to be the main drivers of homeostatic T cell proliferation. However, it is not known why CD4(+) T cells undergo less-efficient homeostatic proliferation than CD8(+) T cells do. Here we show that systemic IL-7 concentrations increased during lymphopenia because of diminished use of IL-7 but that IL-7 signaling on IL-7 receptor-alpha-positive (IL-7Ralpha(+)) dendritic cells (DCs) in lymphopenic settings paradoxically dimin ...[more]

PMID: 19136960

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Project description:Induction of interferon beta (IFN-β), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and inflammatory responses is critical for control of viral infection. We recently identified an essential linkage of stimulation of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and induction of ISGs that function as host restriction pathways against the emerging flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) in vivo Here we utilized ex vivo global transcriptome analysis of primary dendritic cells, known targets of WNV replication, to define gene signatures required for this IL-1β-driven antiviral response. Dendritic cells that were deficient in IL-1 receptor signaling showed dysregulation of cell-intrinsic defense genes and loss of viral control during WNV infection. Surprisingly, we found that in wild-type cells, IL-1β treatment, in the absence of infection, drove the transcription of IFN-β and ISGs at late times following treatment. Expression of these antiviral innate immune genes was dependent on the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and appears to reflect a general shift in IL-1β signaling from an early inflammatory response to a late IFN-mediated response. These data demonstrate that inflammatory and antiviral signals integrate to control viral infection in myeloid cells through a process of IL-1β-to-IRF3 signaling crosstalk. Strategies to exploit these cytokines in the activation of host defense programs should be investigated as novel therapeutic approaches against individual pathogens.IMPORTANCE West Nile virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that can result in serious illness, neuropathology, and death in infected individuals. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapies for human use against West Nile virus. Immune control of West Nile virus infection requires inflammatory and antiviral responses, though the effect that each arm of this response has on the other is unclear. The significance of our research is in defining how virus-induced inflammatory responses regulate critical antiviral immune programs for effective control of West Nile virus infection. These data identify essential mechanisms of immune control that can inform therapeutic efforts against West Nile virus, with potential efficacy against other neuroinvasive viruses.

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Interleukin 7 signaling in dendritic cells regulates the homeostatic proliferation and niche size of CD4+ T cells.

Publications

Interleukin 7 signaling in dendritic cells regulates the homeostatic proliferation and niche size of CD4+ T cells.

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