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Transcriptional competence of the integrated HIV-1 provirus at the nuclear periphery.

ABSTRACT: Spatial distribution of genes within the nucleus contributes to transcriptional control, allowing optimal gene expression as well as constitutive or regulated gene repression. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrates into host chromatin to transcribe and replicate its genome. Lymphocytes harbouring a quiescent but inducible provirus are a challenge to viral eradication in infected patients undergoing antiviral therapy. Therefore, our understanding of the contribution of sub-nuclear positioning to viral transcription may also have far-reaching implications in the pathology of the infection. To gain an insight into the conformation of chromatin at the site of HIV-1 integration, we investigated lymphocytes carrying a single latent provirus. In the silenced state, the provirus was consistently found at the nuclear periphery, associated in trans with a pericentromeric region of chromosome 12 in a significant number of quiescent cells. After induction of the transcription, this association was lost, although the location of the transcribing provirus remained peripheral. These results, extended to several other cell clones, unveil a novel mechanism of transcriptional silencing involved in HIV-1 post-transcriptional latency and reinforce the notion that gene transcription may also occur at the nuclear periphery.

SUBMITTER: Dieudonne M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2726691 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptional competence of the integrated HIV-1 provirus at the nuclear periphery.

Dieudonné Mariacarolina M Maiuri Paolo P Biancotto Chiara C Knezevich Anna A Kula Anna A Lusic Marina M Marcello Alessandro A

The EMBO journal 20090528 15

Spatial distribution of genes within the nucleus contributes to transcriptional control, allowing optimal gene expression as well as constitutive or regulated gene repression. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrates into host chromatin to transcribe and replicate its genome. Lymphocytes harbouring a quiescent but inducible provirus are a challenge to viral eradication in infected patients undergoing antiviral therapy. Therefore, our understanding of the contribution of sub-nuclear ...[more]

PMID: 19478796

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Project description:Background:HIV-1 proviruses can persist during ART in clonally-expanded populations of CD4+ T cells. To date, few examples of an expanded clones containing replication-competent proviruses exist, although it is suspected to be common. One such clone, denoted AMBI-1 (Maldarelli et al., 2014), was also a source of persistent viremia on ART, begging the question of how the AMBI-1 clone can survive despite infection with a replication-competent, actively-expressing provirus. We hypothesized that only a small fraction of cells within the AMBI-1 clone are activated to produce virus particles during cell division while the majority remain latent despite division, ensuring their survival. To address this question, we determined the fraction of HIV-1 proviruses within the AMBI-1 clone that expresses unspliced cell-associated RNA during ART and compared this fraction to 33 other infected T cell clones within the same individual. Results:In total, 34 different clones carrying either intact or defective proviruses in "Patient 1" from Maldarelli et al. (2014) were assessed. We found that 2.3% of cells within the AMBI-1 clone contained unspliced HIV-1 RNA. Highest levels of HIV-1 RNA were found in the effector memory (EM) T cell subset. The fraction of cells within clones that contained HIV-1 RNA was not different in clones with intact (median 2.3%) versus defective (median 3.5%) proviruses (p = 0.2). However, higher fractions and levels of RNA were found in cells with proviruses containing multiple drug resistance mutations, including those contributing to rebound viremia. Conclusion:These findings show that the vast majority of HIV-1 proviruses within expanded T cell clones, including intact proviruses, may be transcriptionally silent at any given time, implying that infected T cells may be able to be activated to proliferate without inducing the expression of the integrated provirus or, alternatelively, may be able to proliferate without cellular activation. The results of this study suggest that the long, presumed correlation between the level of cellular and proviral activation may not be accurate and, therefore, requires further investigation.

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Transcriptional competence of the integrated HIV-1 provirus at the nuclear periphery.

Publications

Transcriptional competence of the integrated HIV-1 provirus at the nuclear periphery.

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