Dataset Information

In mice lacking V2a interneurons, gait depends on speed of locomotion.

ABSTRACT: Many animals are capable of changing gait with speed of locomotion. The neural basis of gait control and its dependence on speed are not fully understood. Mice normally use a single "trotting" gait while running at all speeds, either over ground or on a treadmill. Transgenic mouse mutants in which the trotting is replaced by hopping also lack a speed-dependent change in gait. Here we describe a transgenic mouse model in which the V2a interneurons have been ablated by targeted expression of diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA) under the control of the Chx10 gene promoter (Chx10::DTA mice). Chx10::DTA mice show normal trotting gait at slow speeds but transition to a galloping gait as speed increases. Although left-right limb coordination is altered in Chx10::DTA mice at fast speed, alternation of forelegs and hindlegs and the relative duration of swing and stance phases for individual limbs is unchanged compared with wild-type mice. The speed-dependent loss of left-right alternation is recapitulated during drug-induced fictive locomotion in spinal cords isolated from neonatal Chx10::DTA mice, and high-speed fictive locomotion evoked by caudal spinal cord stimulation also shows synchronous left-right bursting. These results show that spinal V2a interneurons are required for maintaining left-right alternation at high speeds. Whether animals that generate galloping or hopping gaits, characterized by synchronous movement of left and right forelegs and hindlegs, have lost or modified the function of V2a interneurons is an intriguing question.

SUBMITTER: Crone SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2731420 | biostudies-literature | 2009 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In mice lacking V2a interneurons, gait depends on speed of locomotion.

Crone Steven A SA Zhong Guisheng G Harris-Warrick Ronald R Sharma Kamal K

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20090501 21

Many animals are capable of changing gait with speed of locomotion. The neural basis of gait control and its dependence on speed are not fully understood. Mice normally use a single "trotting" gait while running at all speeds, either over ground or on a treadmill. Transgenic mouse mutants in which the trotting is replaced by hopping also lack a speed-dependent change in gait. Here we describe a transgenic mouse model in which the V2a interneurons have been ablated by targeted expression of dipht ...[more]

PMID: 19474336

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Project description:Gait speed is a measure of general fitness. Changing from usual (UGS) to maximum (MGS) gait speed requires coordinated action of many body systems. Gait speed reserve (GSR) is defined as MGS-UGS. From a shortlist of 88 features across five categories including sociodemographic, cognitive, and physiological, we aimed to find and compare the sets of predictors that best describe UGS, MGS, and GSR. For this, we leveraged data from 3,925 adults aged 50+ from Wave 3 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Features were selected by a histogram gradient boosting regression-based stepwise feature selection pipeline. Each model's feature importance and input-output relationships were explored using TreeExplainer from the Shapely Additive Explanations explainable machine learning package. The mean Radj2 (SD) from fivefold cross-validation on training data and the Radj2 score on test data were 0.38 (0.04) and 0.41 for UGS, 0.45 (0.04) and 0.46 for MGS, and 0.19 (0.02) and 0.21 for GSR. Each model selected features across all categories. Features common to all models were age, grip strength, chair stands time, mean motor reaction time, and height. Exclusive to UGS and MGS were educational attainment, fear of falling, Montreal cognitive assessment errors, and orthostatic intolerance. Exclusive to MGS and GSR were body mass index (BMI), and number of medications. No features were selected exclusively for UGS and GSR. Features unique to UGS were resting-state pulse interval, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) depression, sit-to-stand difference in diastolic blood pressure, and left visual acuity. Unique to MGS were standard deviation in sustained attention to response task times, resting-state heart rate, smoking status, total heartbeat power during paced breathing, and visual acuity. Unique to GSR were accuracy proportion in a sound-induced flash illusion test, Mini-mental State Examination errors, and number of cardiovascular conditions. No interactions were present in the GSR model. The four features that overall gave the most impactful interactions in the UGS and MGS models were age, chair stands time, grip strength, and BMI. These findings may help provide new insights into the multisystem predictors of gait speed and gait speed reserve in older adults and support a network physiology approach to their study.

Dataset Information

In mice lacking V2a interneurons, gait depends on speed of locomotion.

Publications

In mice lacking V2a interneurons, gait depends on speed of locomotion.

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