Arcanobacterium pyogenes sepsis in farmer, Brazil.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Levy CE
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2744241 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Arcanobacterium pyogenes sepsis in farmer, Brazil.
Levy Carlos Emilio CE Pedro Rogerio Jesus RJ Von Nowakonski Angela A Holanda Luciana Maria LM Brocchi Marcelo M Ramo Marcelo Carvalho MC
Emerging infectious diseases 20090701 7
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Project description:Arcanobacterium pyogenes, a common inhabitant of the mucosal surfaces of livestock, is also a pathogen associated with a variety of infections. In livestock, A. pyogenes is exposed to antimicrobial agents used for prophylaxis and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the United States. Many, but not all, tylosin-resistant A. pyogenes isolates carry erm(X), suggesting the presence of other determinants of tylosin resistance. Oligonucleotide primers designed for conserved regions of erm(B), erm(C), and erm(T) were used to amplify a 404-bp fragment from a tylosin-resistant A. pyogenes isolate, OX-7. DNA sequencing revealed that the PCR product was 100% identical to erm(B) genes, and the erm(B) gene region was cloned in Escherichia coli. The A. pyogenes Erm B determinant had the most DNA identity with an Erm B determinant carried by the Clostridium perfringens plasmid pIP402. However, the A. pyogenes determinant lacked direct repeat DR1 and contained a deletion in DR2. Flanking the A. pyogenes erm(B) gene were partial and entire genes similar to those found on the Enterococcus faecalis multiresistance plasmid pRE25. This novel architecture suggests that the erm(B) element may have arisen by recombination of two distinct genetic elements. Ten of 32 tylosin-resistant isolates carried erm(B), as determined by DNA hybridization, and all 10 isolates carried a similar element. Insertion of the element was site specific, as PCR and Southern blotting analysis revealed that the erm(B) element was inserted into orfY, a gene of unknown function. However, in three strains, this insertion resulted in a partial duplication of orfY.
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Project description:Arcanobacterium pyogenes, a commensal on the mucous membranes of many economically important animal species, is also a pathogen, causing abscesses of the skin, joints, and visceral organs as well as mastitis and abortion. In food animals, A. pyogenes is exposed to antimicrobial agents used for growth promotion, prophylaxis, and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the United States. Of 48 A. pyogenes isolates, 11 (22.9%) exhibited inducible or constitutive resistance to tylosin (MIC of > or = 128 microg/ml). These isolates also exhibited resistance to other macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics, suggesting a macrolide-lincosamide resistance phenotype. Of the 11 resistant isolates, genomic DNA from nine hybridized to an erm(X)-specific probe. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the A. pyogenes erm(X) gene indicated that it was >95% similar to erm(X) genes from Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium spp. Eight of the erm(X)-containing A. pyogenes isolates exhibited inducible tylosin resistance, which was consistent with the presence of a putative leader peptide upstream of the erm(X) open reading frame. For at least one A. pyogenes isolate, 98-4277-2, erm(X) was present on a plasmid, pAP2, and was associated with the insertion sequence IS6100. pAP2 also carried genes encoding the repressor-regulated tetracycline efflux system determinant Tet 33. The repA gene from pAP2 was nonfunctional in Escherichia coli and at least one A. pyogenes isolate, suggesting that there may be host-encoded factors required for replication of this plasmid.
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Project description:Arcanobacterium pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen associated with suppurative diseases in economically important food animals such as cattle, pigs, and turkeys. A. pyogenes adheres to host epithelial cells, and adhesion is promoted by the action of neuraminidase, which is expressed by this organism. However, a neuraminidase-deficient mutant of A. pyogenes only had a reduced ability to adhere to host epithelial cells, indicating that other factors are involved in adhesion. Far Western blotting revealed the presence of an approximately 120-kDa A. pyogenes cell wall protein that binds collagen type I. The 3.5-kb gene that encodes the 124.7-kDa CbpA protein was cloned, and sequence analysis indicated that CbpA contains a typical MSCRAMM protein domain structure. Recombinant, six-His-tagged CbpA (HIS-CbpA) was capable of binding collagen types I, II, and IV but not fibronectin. In addition, CbpA was involved in the ability of A. pyogenes to adhere to HeLa and 3T6 cells, as a cbpA knockout strain had 38.2 and 57.0% of wild-type adhesion, respectively. This defect could be complemented by providing cbpA on a multicopy plasmid. Furthermore, HIS-CbpA blocked A. pyogenes adhesion to HeLa or 3T6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. cbpA was only present in 48% of the A. pyogenes strains tested (n = 75), and introduction of plasmid-encoded cbpA into a naturally cbpA-deficient strain increased the ability of this strain to bind to HeLa and 3T6 cells 2.9- and 5.7-fold, respectively. These data indicate that CbpA, a collagen-binding protein of A. pyogenes, plays a role in the adhesion of this organism to host cells.
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