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Molecular characterization of preneoplastic lesions provides insight on the development of renal tumors.

ABSTRACT: Kidneys are the second most frequent site for chemically induced cancers in rats. However, there is still limited information on direct effects of carcinogens on pathways involved in the development of kidney tumors. Since transformed tumor cells have different characteristics than their cell of origin, it was hypothesized that healthy tissue and progressing stages of preneoplastic lesions are differentially influenced by chemical carcinogens. To elucidate this question, TSC2(-/-) Eker rats were gavaged with genotoxic aristolochic acid or nongenotoxic ochratoxin A for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Histopathology and cell proliferation analysis demonstrated a compound- and sex-specific onset of preneoplastic lesions. In contrast, comparable gene expression profiles of laser-microdissected preneoplastic lesions from carcinogen-treated and control rats, including reduced expression of genes involved in carcinogen uptake and metabolism, point to a compound-independent lesion progression. Gene expression profiles and additional immunostaining suggested that clonal expansion of renal lesions appears primarily driven by disturbed mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 pathway regulation. Finally, prolonged carcinogen exposure resulted in only marginal gene expression changes in tubules with normal morphology, indicating that some tubules may have adapted to the treatment. Taken together, these findings indicate that the final outcome of in vivo carcinogenicity studies is primarily determined by time-restricted initial events, while lesion progression may be a compound-independent process, involving deregulated mTOR signaling in the Eker rat model.

SUBMITTER: Stemmer K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2751564 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular characterization of preneoplastic lesions provides insight on the development of renal tumors.

Stemmer Kerstin K Ellinger-Ziegelbauer Heidrun H Ahr Hans-Jürgen HJ Dietrich Daniel R DR

The American journal of pathology 20090828 4

Kidneys are the second most frequent site for chemically induced cancers in rats. However, there is still limited information on direct effects of carcinogens on pathways involved in the development of kidney tumors. Since transformed tumor cells have different characteristics than their cell of origin, it was hypothesized that healthy tissue and progressing stages of preneoplastic lesions are differentially influenced by chemical carcinogens. To elucidate this question, TSC2(-/-) Eker rats were ...[more]

PMID: 19717638

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Project description:BackgroundSalmonella is a widely distributed foodborne pathogen that causes tens of millions of salmonellosis cases globally every year. While the genomic diversity of Salmonella is increasingly well studied, our knowledge of Salmonella phage genomic diversity is still rather limited, despite the contributions of both lysogenic and lytic phages to Salmonella virulence, diversity and ecology (e.g., through horizontal gene transfer and Salmonella lysis). To gain a better understanding of phage diversity in a specific ecological niche, we sequenced 22 Salmonella phages isolated from a number of dairy farms from New York State (United States) and analyzed them using a comparative genomics approach.ResultsClassification of the 22 phages according to the presence/absence of orthologous genes allowed for classification into 8 well supported clusters. In addition to two phage clusters that represent novel virulent Salmonella phages, we also identified four phage clusters that each contained previously characterized phages from multiple continents. Our analyses also identified two clusters of phages that carry putative virulence (e.g., adhesins) and antimicrobial resistance (tellurite and bicyclomycin) genes as well as virulent and temperate transducing phages. Insights into phage evolution from our analyses include (i) identification of DNA metabolism genes that may facilitate nucleotide synthesis in phages with a G+C % distinct from Salmonella, and (ii) evidence of Salmonella phage tailspike and fiber diversity due to both single nucleotide polymorphisms and major re-arrangements, which may affect the host specificity of Salmonella phages.ConclusionsGenomics-based characterization of 22 Salmonella phages isolated from dairy farms allowed for identification of a number of novel Salmonella phages. While the comparative genomics analyses of these phages provide a number of new insights in the evolution and diversity of Salmonella phages, they only represent a first glimpse into the diversity of Salmonella phages that is likely to be discovered when phages from different environments are characterized.

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Molecular characterization of preneoplastic lesions provides insight on the development of renal tumors.

Publications

Molecular characterization of preneoplastic lesions provides insight on the development of renal tumors.

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