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Smoking initiation and nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health survey.

ABSTRACT: Cigarette smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in former Soviet countries. This study examined the personal, familial and psychiatric risk factors for smoking initiation and development of nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine.Cross-sectional survey.Smoking history and dependence symptoms were ascertained from N=1711 adults in Ukraine as part of a national mental health survey conducted in 2002. Separate analyses were conducted for men and women.The prevalence of lifetime regular smoking was 80.5% in men and 18.7% in women, with median ages at initiation among smokers of 17 and 18, respectively. Furthermore, 61.2% of men and 11.9% of women were current smokers; among the subgroup of lifetime smokers, 75.9% of men and 63.1% of women currently smoked. The youngest female cohort (born 1965-1984) was 26 times more likely to start smoking than the oldest. Smoking initiation was also linked to childhood externalizing behaviors and antecedent use of alcohol in both genders, as well as marital status and personal alcohol abuse in men, and childhood urbanicity and birth cohort in women. Dependence symptoms developed in 61.7% of male and 47.1% of female smokers. The rate increased sharply in the first four years after smoking initiation. Dependence symptoms were related to birth cohort and alcohol abuse in both genders, as well as growing up in a suburb or town and childhood externalizing behaviors in men, and parental antisocial behavior in women.Increased smoking in young women heralds a rising epidemic in Ukraine and underscores the need for primary prevention programs, especially in urban areas. Our findings support the importance of childhood and alcohol-related risk factors, especially in women, while pre-existing depression and anxiety disorders were only weakly associated with starting to smoke or developing dependence symptoms.

SUBMITTER: Webb CP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2793595 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Smoking initiation and nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health survey.

Webb Charles P M CP Bromet Evelyn J EJ Tintle Nathan L NL Schwartz Joseph E JE Gluzman Semyon F SF Kostyuchenko Stanislav S Havenaar Johan M JM

Public health 20070604 9

<h4>Objectives</h4>Cigarette smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in former Soviet countries. This study examined the personal, familial and psychiatric risk factors for smoking initiation and development of nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine.<h4>Study design</h4>Cross-sectional survey.<h4>Methods</h4>Smoking history and dependence symptoms were ascertained from N=1711 adults in Ukraine as part of a national mental health survey conducted in 2002. Separate analyses were condu ...[more]

PMID: 17544466

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Project description:BackgroundNicotine dependence is a significant public health issue, and understanding the factors associated with nicotine dependence in this population is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study examined the association between family functioning and nicotine dependence levels of smoking fathers based on the McMaster model of family functioning (MMFF), providing evidence for future interventions.MethodsIn this study, we selected fathers of first- to fifth-grade students from 10 pilot elementary schools in Qingdao whose families smoked. We used the Fagerstrom test to assess nicotine dependence and the Family Assessment Device to evaluate family functioning. We performed univariate analysis to compare differences among those with different levels of nicotine dependence, and we used an ordinal logistic regression analysis to investigate the influences related to nicotine dependence.ResultsThis study included 874 smokers, with 78.5% having mild nicotine dependence, 11.7% having moderate dependence, and 9.84% having severe dependence. Univariate analysis showed that smokers with severe dependence had lower education levels, higher prevalence of chronic diseases, more frequent alcohol consumption, and poorer family functioning compared to those with mild to moderate dependence. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that poorer general functioning scores (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.173, P = 0.030), poorer behavioral control (OR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.026-1.232, P = 0.012), more quit attempts, frequent alcohol consumption, and longer smoking duration may be associated with a higher likelihood of developing severe nicotine dependence. The older age of starting smoking and higher education level may be associated with a lower likelihood of developing severe nicotine dependence. However, it is important to note that the cross-sectional nature of this study precludes the determination of causal relationships.ConclusionsThis study finds that heavy nicotine dependence in smoking fathers is associated with risky behaviors and demographics such as longer smoking duration and frequent alcohol consumption. Targeted smoking cessation interventions are crucial for this group, taking these specific factors into consideration. Family functioning, particularly general functioning and behavioral control, may also be linked to nicotine dependence, indicating the need for further research in this area.

Dataset Information

Smoking initiation and nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health survey.

Publications

Smoking initiation and nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health survey.

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