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Essential roles of three enhancer sites in sigma54-dependent transcription by the nitric oxide sensing regulatory protein NorR.

ABSTRACT: The bacterial activator protein NorR binds to enhancer-like elements, upstream of the promoter site, and activates sigma(54)-dependent transcription of genes that encode nitric oxide detoxifying enzymes (NorVW), in response to NO stress. Unique to the norVW promoter in Escherichia coli is the presence of three enhancer sites associated with a binding site for sigma(54)-RNA polymerase. Here we show that all three sites are required for NorR-dependent catalysis of open complex formation by sigma(54)-RNAP holoenzyme (Esigma(54)). We demonstrate that this is essentially due to the need for all three enhancers for maximal ATPase activity of NorR, energy from which is used to remodel the closed Esigma(54) complex and allow melting of the promoter DNA. We also find that site-specific DNA binding per se promotes oligomerisation but the DNA flanking the three sites is needed to further stabilise the functional higher order oligomer of NorR at the enhancers.

SUBMITTER: Tucker NP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2831303 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Essential roles of three enhancer sites in sigma54-dependent transcription by the nitric oxide sensing regulatory protein NorR.

Tucker Nicholas P NP Ghosh Tamaswati T Bush Matthew M Zhang Xiaodong X Dixon Ray R

Nucleic acids research 20091202 4

The bacterial activator protein NorR binds to enhancer-like elements, upstream of the promoter site, and activates sigma(54)-dependent transcription of genes that encode nitric oxide detoxifying enzymes (NorVW), in response to NO stress. Unique to the norVW promoter in Escherichia coli is the presence of three enhancer sites associated with a binding site for sigma(54)-RNA polymerase. Here we show that all three sites are required for NorR-dependent catalysis of open complex formation by sigma(5 ...[more]

PMID: 19955233

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Project description:UnlabelledThe ability of Staphylococcus aureus to resist host innate immunity augments the severity and pervasiveness of its pathogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO˙) is an innate immune radical that is critical for the efficient clearance of a wide range of microbial pathogens. Exposure of microbes to NO˙ typically results in growth inhibition and induction of stress regulons. S. aureus, however, induces a metabolic state in response to NO˙ that allows for continued replication and precludes stress regulon induction. The regulatory factors mediating this distinctive response remain largely undefined. Here, we employ a targeted transposon screen and transcriptomics to identify and characterize five regulons essential for NO˙ resistance in S. aureus: three virulence regulons not formerly associated with NO˙ resistance, SarA, CodY, and Rot, as well as two regulons with established roles, Fur and SrrAB. We provide new insights into the contributions of Fur and SrrAB during NO˙ stress and show that the S. aureus ΔsarA mutant, the most sensitive of the newly identified mutants, exhibits metabolic dysfunction and widespread transcriptional dysregulation following NO˙ exposure. Altogether, our results broadly characterize the regulatory requirements for NO˙ resistance in S. aureus and suggest an intriguing overlap between the regulation of NO˙ resistance and virulence in this well-adapted human pathogen.ImportanceThe prolific human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is uniquely capable of resisting the antimicrobial radical nitric oxide (NO˙), a crucial component of the innate immune response. However, a complete understanding of how S. aureus regulates an effective response to NO˙ is lacking. Here, we implicate three central virulence regulators, SarA, CodY, and Rot, as major players in the S. aureus NO˙ response. Additionally, we elaborate on the contribution of two regulators, SrrAB and Fur, already known to play a crucial role in S. aureus NO˙ resistance. Our study sheds light on a unique facet of S. aureus pathogenicity and demonstrates that the transcriptional response of S. aureus to NO˙ is highly pleiotropic and intrinsically tied to metabolism and virulence regulation.

Dataset Information

Essential roles of three enhancer sites in sigma54-dependent transcription by the nitric oxide sensing regulatory protein NorR.

Publications

Essential roles of three enhancer sites in sigma54-dependent transcription by the nitric oxide sensing regulatory protein NorR.

Similar Datasets

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