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Assembly of the AAA ATPase Vps4 on ESCRT-III.

ABSTRACT: Vps4 is a key enzyme that functions in endosomal protein trafficking, cytokinesis, and retroviral budding. Vps4 activity is regulated by its recruitment from the cytoplasm to ESCRT-III, where the protein oligomerizes into an active ATPase. The recruitment and oligomerization steps are mediated by a complex network of at least 12 distinct interactions between Vps4, ESCRT-III, Ist1, Vta1, and Did2. The order of events leading to active, ESCRT-III-associated Vps4 is poorly understood. In this study we present a systematic in vivo analysis of the Vps4 interaction network. The data demonstrated a high degree of redundancy in the network. Although no single interaction was found to be essential for the localization or activity of Vps4, certain interactions proved more important than others. The most significant among these were the binding of Vps4 to Vta1 and to the ESCRT-III subunits Vps2 and Snf7. In our model we propose the formation of a recruitment complex in the cytoplasm that is composed of Did2-Ist1-Vps4, which upon binding to ESCRT-III recruits Vta1. Vta1 in turn is predicted to cause a rearrangement of the Vps4 interactions that initiates the assembly of the active Vps4 oligomer.

SUBMITTER: Shestakova A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2836958 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The AAA ATPase Vps4 binds ESCRT-III substrates through a repeating array of dipeptide-binding pockets.

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Helical structures of ESCRT-III are disassembled by VPS4.

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Project description:Many important cellular membrane fission reactions are driven by ESCRT pathways, which culminate in disassembly of ESCRT-III polymers by the AAA ATPase Vps4. We report a 4.3 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the active Vps4 hexamer with its cofactor Vta1, ADP·BeFx, and an ESCRT-III substrate peptide. Four Vps4 subunits form a helix whose interfaces are consistent with ATP binding, is stabilized by Vta1, and binds the substrate peptide. The fifth subunit approximately continues this helix but appears to be dissociating. The final Vps4 subunit completes a notched-washer configuration as if transitioning between the ends of the helix. We propose that ATP binding propagates growth at one end of the helix while hydrolysis promotes disassembly at the other end, so that Vps4 'walks' along ESCRT-III until it encounters the ordered N-terminal domain to destabilize the ESCRT-III lattice. This model may be generally applicable to other protein-translocating AAA ATPases.

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Asymmetric ring structure of Vps4 required for ESCRT-III disassembly.

Project description:The vacuolar protein sorting 4 AAA-ATPase (Vps4) recycles endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT-III) polymers from cellular membranes. Here we present a 3.6-Å X-ray structure of ring-shaped Vps4 from Metallosphera sedula (MsVps4), seen as an asymmetric pseudohexamer. Conserved key interface residues are shown to be important for MsVps4 assembly, ATPase activity in vitro, ESCRT-III disassembly in vitro and HIV-1 budding. ADP binding leads to conformational changes within the protomer, which might propagate within the ring structure. All ATP-binding sites are accessible and the pseudohexamer binds six ATP with micromolar affinity in vitro. In contrast, ADP occupies one high-affinity and five low-affinity binding sites in vitro, consistent with conformational asymmetry induced on ATP hydrolysis. The structure represents a snapshot of an assembled Vps4 conformation and provides insight into the molecular motions the ring structure undergoes in a concerted action to couple ATP hydrolysis to ESCRT-III substrate disassembly.

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