Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nene V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2868357 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
Nene Vishvanath V Wortman Jennifer R JR Lawson Daniel D Haas Brian B Kodira Chinnappa C Tu Zhijian Jake ZJ Loftus Brendan B Xi Zhiyong Z Megy Karyn K Grabherr Manfred M Ren Quinghu Q Zdobnov Evgeny M EM Lobo Neil F NF Campbell Kathryn S KS Brown Susan E SE Bonaldo Maria F MF Zhu Jingsong J Sinkins Steven P SP Hogenkamp David G DG Amedeo Paolo P Arensburger Peter P Atkinson Peter W PW Bidwell Shelby S Biedler Jim J Birney Ewan E Bruggner Robert V RV Costas Javier J Coy Monique R MR Crabtree Jonathan J Crawford Matt M Debruyn Becky B Decaprio David D Eiglmeier Karin K Eisenstadt Eric E El-Dorry Hamza H Gelbart William M WM Gomes Suely L SL Hammond Martin M Hannick Linda I LI Hogan James R JR Holmes Michael H MH Jaffe David D Johnston J Spencer JS Kennedy Ryan C RC Koo Hean H Kravitz Saul S Kriventseva Evgenia V EV Kulp David D Labutti Kurt K Lee Eduardo E Li Song S Lovin Diane D DD Mao Chunhong C Mauceli Evan E Menck Carlos F M CF Miller Jason R JR Montgomery Philip P Mori Akio A Nascimento Ana L AL Naveira Horacio F HF Nusbaum Chad C O'leary Sinéad S Orvis Joshua J Pertea Mihaela M Quesneville Hadi H Reidenbach Kyanne R KR Rogers Yu-Hui YH Roth Charles W CW Schneider Jennifer R JR Schatz Michael M Shumway Martin M Stanke Mario M Stinson Eric O EO Tubio Jose M C JM Vanzee Janice P JP Verjovski-Almeida Sergio S Werner Doreen D White Owen O Wyder Stefan S Zeng Qiandong Q Zhao Qi Q Zhao Yongmei Y Hill Catherine A CA Raikhel Alexander S AS Soares Marcelo B MB Knudson Dennis L DL Lee Norman H NH Galagan James J Salzberg Steven L SL Paulsen Ian T IT Dimopoulos George G Collins Frank H FH Birren Bruce B Fraser-Liggett Claire M CM Severson David W DW
Science (New York, N.Y.) 20070517 5832
We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at approximately 1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of approximately 4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Nonetheless, ...[more]
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Project description:BACKGROUND: In the past ten years, the Indian Ocean region has been the theatre of severe epidemics of chikungunya and dengue. These outbreaks coincided with a high increase in populations of Aedes albopictus that outcompete its sister taxon Aedes aegypti in most islands sampled. The objective of this work was to update the entomological survey of the two Aedes species in the island of Madagascar which has to face these arboviroses. METHODS: The sampling of Aedes mosquitoes was conducted during two years, from October 2007 to October 2009, in fifteen localities from eight regions of contrasting climates. Captured adults were identified immediately whereas immature stages were bred until adult stage for determination. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using two mtDNA genes, COI and ND5 and trees were constructed by the maximum likelihood (ML) method with the gene time reversible (GTR) model. Experimental infections with the chikungunya virus strain 06.21 at a titer of 107.5 pfu/mL were performed to evaluate the vector competence of field-collected mosquitoes. Disseminated infection rates were measured fourteen days after infection by immunofluorescence assay performed on head squashes. RESULTS: The species Aedes aegypti was detected in only six sites in native forests and natural reserves. In contrast, the species Aedes albopictus was found in 13 out of the 15 sites sampled. Breeding sites were mostly found in man-made environments such as discarded containers, used tires, abandoned buckets, coconuts, and bamboo cuts. Linear regression models showed that the abundance of Ae. albopictus was significantly influenced by the sampling region (F = 62.00, p < 2.2 × 10(-16)) and period (F = 36.22, p = 2.548 × 10(-13)), that are associated with ecological and climate variations. Phylogenetic analysis of the invasive Ae. albopictus distinguished haplotypes from South Asia and South America from those of Madagascar, but the markers used were not discriminant enough to discern Malagasy populations. The experimental oral infection method showed that six Ae. albopictus populations exhibited high dissemination infection rates for chikungunya virus ranging from 98 to 100%. CONCLUSION: In Madagascar, Ae. albopictus has extended its geographical distribution whereas, Ae. aegypti has become rare, contrasting with what was previously observed. Changes are predominantly driven by human activities and the rainfall regime that provide suitable breeding sites for the highly anthropophilic mosquito Ae. albopictus. Moreover, these populations were found to be highly susceptible to chikungunya virus. In the light of this study, Ae. albopictus may have been involved in the recent outbreaks of chikungunya and dengue epidemics in Madagascar, and consequently, control measures should be promoted to limit its current expansion.
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