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S100A12 mediates aortic wall remodeling and aortic aneurysm.

ABSTRACT: S100A12 is a small calcium binding protein that is a ligand of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). RAGE has been extensively implicated in inflammatory states such as atherosclerosis, but the role of S100A12 as its ligand is less clear.To test the role of S100A12 in vascular inflammation, we generated and analyzed mice expressing human S100A12 in vascular smooth muscle under control of the smooth muscle 22alpha promoter because S100A12 is not present in mice.Transgenic mice displayed pathological vascular remodeling with aberrant thickening of the aortic media, disarray of elastic fibers, and increased collagen deposition, together with increased latent matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein and reduction in smooth muscle stress fibers leading to a progressive dilatation of the aorta. In primary aortic smooth muscle cell cultures, we found that S100A12 mediates increased interleukin-6 production, activation of transforming growth factor beta pathways and increased metabolic activity with enhanced oxidative stress. To correlate our findings to human aortic aneurysmal disease, we examined S100A12 expression in aortic tissue from patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and found increased S100A12 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.S100A12 expression is sufficient to activate pathogenic pathways through the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular remodeling in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Hofmann Bowman M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2878187 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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S100A12 mediates aortic wall remodeling and aortic aneurysm.

Hofmann Bowman Marion M Wilk Jeannine J Heydemann Ahlke A Kim Gene G Rehman Jalees J Lodato Joseph A JA Raman Jai J McNally Elizabeth M EM

Circulation research 20091029 1

<h4>Rationale</h4>S100A12 is a small calcium binding protein that is a ligand of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). RAGE has been extensively implicated in inflammatory states such as atherosclerosis, but the role of S100A12 as its ligand is less clear.<h4>Objective</h4>To test the role of S100A12 in vascular inflammation, we generated and analyzed mice expressing human S100A12 in vascular smooth muscle under control of the smooth muscle 22alpha promoter because S100A12 is not ...[more]

PMID: 19875725

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Project description:The purpose of this study was to determine the relevance of S100A12 expression to human thoracic aortic aneurysms and type A thoracic aortic aneurysm dissection and to study mechanisms of S100A12-mediated dysfunction of aortic smooth muscle cells.Transgenic expression of proinflammatory S100A12 protein in murine aortic smooth muscle causes thoracic aneurysm in genetically modified mice.Immunohistochemistry of aortic tissue (n = 50) for S100A12, myeloperoxidase, and caspase 3 was examined and S100A12-mediated pathways were studied in cultured primary aortic smooth muscle cells.We found S100A12 protein expressed in all cases of acute thoracic aortic aneurysm dissection and in approximately 25% of clinically stable thoracic aortic aneurysm cases. S100A12 tissue expression was associated with increased length of stay in patients undergoing elective surgical repair for thoracic aortic aneurysm, despite similar preoperative risk as determined by European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation. Reduction of S100A12 expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells using small hairpin RNA attenuates gene and protein expression of many inflammatory- and apoptosis-regulating factors. Moreover, genetic ablation of the receptor for S100A12, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), in murine aortic smooth muscle cells abolished cytokine-augmented activation of caspase 3 and smooth muscle cell apoptosis in S100A12-expressing cells.S100A12 is enriched in human thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Reduction of S100A12 or genetic ablation of its cell surface receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), in aortic smooth muscle resulted in decreased activation of caspase 3 and in reduced apoptosis. By establishing a link between S100A12 expression and apoptosis of aortic smooth muscle cells, this study identifies novel S100A12 signaling pathways and indicates that S100A12 may be a useful molecular marker and possible target for treatment for human aortic diseases.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) detect cellular inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, we assessed whether USPIO-enhanced MRI can predict aneurysm growth rates and clinical outcomes. METHODS:In a prospective multicenter open-label cohort study, 342 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (diameter ?40 mm) were classified by the presence of USPIO enhancement and were monitored with serial ultrasound and clinical follow-up for ?2 years. The primary end point was the composite of aneurysm rupture or repair. RESULTS:Participants (85% male, 73.1±7.2 years) had a baseline aneurysm diameter of 49.6±7.7 mm, and USPIO enhancement was identified in 146 (42.7%) participants, absent in 191 (55.8%), and indeterminant in 5 (1.5%). During follow-up (1005±280 days), 17 (5.0%) abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures, 126 (36.8%) abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs, and 48 (14.0%) deaths occurred. Compared with those without uptake, patients with USPIO enhancement have increased rates of aneurysm expansion (3.1±2.5 versus 2.5±2.4 mm/year, P=0.0424), although this was not independent of current smoking habit (P=0.1993). Patients with USPIO enhancement had higher rates of aneurysm rupture or repair (47.3% versus 35.6%; 95% confidence intervals, 1.1-22.2; P=0.0308). This finding was similar for each component of rupture (6.8% versus 3.7%, P=0.1857) or repair (41.8% versus 32.5%, P=0.0782). USPIO enhancement was associated with reduced event-free survival for aneurysm rupture or repair (P=0.0275), all-cause mortality (P=0.0635), and aneurysm-related mortality (P=0.0590). Baseline abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter (P<0.0001) and current smoking habit (P=0.0446) also predicted the primary outcome, and the addition of USPIO enhancement to the multivariate model did not improve event prediction (c-statistic, 0.7935-0.7936). CONCLUSIONS:USPIO-enhanced MRI is a novel approach to the identification of aortic wall cellular inflammation in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and predicts the rate of aneurysm growth and clinical outcome. However, it does not provide independent prediction of aneurysm expansion or clinical outcomes in a model incorporating known clinical risk factors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URL: http://www.isrctn.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN76413758.

Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether aortic peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI) were associated with the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture or repair (defined as AAA events) among participants with small AAAs.MethodsPWS and PWRI were estimated from computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans of 210 participants with small AAAs (≥ 30 and ≤ 50 mm) prospectively recruited between 2002 and 2016 from two existing databases. Participants were followed for a median of 2.0 (inter-quartile range 1.9, 2.8) years to record the incidence of AAA events. The associations between PWS and PWRI with AAA events were assessed using Cox proportional hazard analyses. The ability of PWS and PWRI to reclassify the risk of AAA events compared to the initial AAA diameter was examined using net reclassification index (NRI) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for other risk factors, one standard deviation increase in PWS (hazard ratio, HR, 1.56, 95% confidence intervals, CI 1.19, 2.06; p = 0.001) and PWRI (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29, 2.34; p < 0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks of AAA events. In the CART analysis, PWRI was identified as the best single predictor of AAA events at a cut-off value of > 0.562. PWRI, but not PWS, significantly improved the classification of risk of AAA events compared to the initial AAA diameter alone.ConclusionPWS and PWRI predicted the risk of AAA events but only PWRI significantly improved the risk stratification compared to aortic diameter alone.Key points• Aortic diameter is an imperfect measure of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk. • This observational study of 210 participants found that peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI) predicted the risk of aortic rupture or AAA repair. • PWRI, but not PWS, significantly improved the risk stratification for AAA events compared to aortic diameter alone.

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S100A12 mediates aortic wall remodeling and aortic aneurysm.

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S100A12 mediates aortic wall remodeling and aortic aneurysm.

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