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Eating in the absence of hunger in adolescents: intake after a large-array meal compared with that after a standardized meal.

ABSTRACT: Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) is typically assessed by measuring youths' intake of palatable snack foods after a standard meal designed to reduce hunger. Because energy intake required to reach satiety varies among individuals, a standard meal may not ensure the absence of hunger among participants of all weight strata.The objective of this study was to compare adolescents' EAH observed after access to a very large food array with EAH observed after a standardized meal.Seventy-eight adolescents participated in a randomized crossover study during which EAH was measured as intake of palatable snacks after ad libitum access to a very large array of lunch-type foods (>10,000 kcal) and after a lunch meal standardized to provide 50% of the daily estimated energy requirements.The adolescents consumed more energy and reported less hunger after the large-array meal than after the standardized meal (P values < 0.001). They consumed ?70 kcal less EAH after the large-array meal than after the standardized meal (295 ± 18 compared with 365 ± 20 kcal; P < 0.001), but EAH intakes after the large-array meal and after the standardized meal were positively correlated (P values < 0.001). The body mass index z score and overweight were positively associated with EAH in both paradigms after age, sex, race, pubertal stage, and meal intake were controlled for (P values ? 0.05).EAH is observable and positively related to body weight regardless of whether youth eat in the absence of hunger from a very large-array meal or from a standardized meal. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00631644.

SUBMITTER: Shomaker LB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2937581 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Eating in the absence of hunger in adolescents: intake after a large-array meal compared with that after a standardized meal.

Shomaker Lauren B LB Tanofsky-Kraff Marian M Zocca Jaclyn M JM Courville Amber A Kozlosky Merel M Columbo Kelli M KM Wolkoff Laura E LE Brady Sheila M SM Crocker Melissa K MK Ali Asem H AH Yanovski Susan Z SZ Yanovski Jack A JA

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20100818 4

<h4>Background</h4>Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) is typically assessed by measuring youths' intake of palatable snack foods after a standard meal designed to reduce hunger. Because energy intake required to reach satiety varies among individuals, a standard meal may not ensure the absence of hunger among participants of all weight strata.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective of this study was to compare adolescents' EAH observed after access to a very large food array with EAH observed after a ...[more]

PMID: 20720255

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Project description:BackgroundScant research has examined whether laboratory assessments of eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) relates to long-term diet quality.ObjectiveThis study investigates the association of EAH with diet quality during pregnancy.DesignPregnancy diet quality was assessed using 24-hour diet recalls collected in each pregnancy trimester. EAH was assessed in a counterbalanced, crossover laboratory feeding substudy in which participants completed two free access eating occasions following a standardized meal during their second pregnancy trimester.Participants/settingData were collected from March 2015 to December 2016 from a subsample of participants (n = 46) enrolled at ≤12 weeks' gestation in an observational, prospective cohort study (the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study) in North Carolina.InterventionParticipants were presented with highly processed (HP) and minimally processed (MP) foods in two separate assessments.Main outcome measuresScores for total Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and adherence to adequacy and moderation components were calculated from the diet recalls. Higher scores reflect better diet quality.Statistical analyses performedLinear regressions estimated associations of pregnancy diet quality with EAH (energy, EAH-kcal; and percent offered, EAH-%) in each condition for all foods, and separately for sweet and savory foods.ResultsLower pregnancy diet quality (all indicators) was associated with greater EAH (EAH-kcal and EAH-%) of all foods and sweet foods in the HP condition. Each 100-kcal increase in EAH of HP foods was associated with a 2- to 3-point decrease (standard error = 0.7 to 0.8) in HEI-2015 (P < 0.01); each 10% increase in EAH of HP foods was associated with a 5- to 7-point decrease (standard error = 2.0) in HEI-2015 (P < 0.01). Greater EAH (energy and percent offered) of savory food intake in the HP condition was associated with a lower HEI-2015 adequacy component score, but was not associated with the HEI-2015 or HEI-2015 moderation component scores. EAH in the MP condition was not associated with pregnancy diet quality.ConclusionsGreater EAH of HP, especially sweet, foods was related to worse pregnancy diet quality. Consuming HP sweets after meal termination may reflect a tendency for eating beyond satiation and may be a useful intervention target for improving maternal diet quality.

Dataset Information

Eating in the absence of hunger in adolescents: intake after a large-array meal compared with that after a standardized meal.

Publications

Eating in the absence of hunger in adolescents: intake after a large-array meal compared with that after a standardized meal.

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