Diet and caries-associated bacteria in severe early childhood caries.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Palmer CA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2954266 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a potential pathogenic bacteria of dental caries. However, the level of S. mutans is low in some children with severe early childhood caries (SECC).AimTo evaluate the effect of S. mutans level on dental microbiome and cariogenesis.MethodsThe oral microbiota was compared between caries-free group (CF) and SECC group.16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for S. mutans level bacterial community analysis. The candidate bacteria that were closely related with S. mutans abundance were identified and confirmed by absolute quantitative real-time PCR in clinical dental plaque samples from CF and SECC groups.ResultsThrough in-depth analysis of dental plaque microorganism, Leptotrichia, Selenomonas and Prevotella_7 were found in the S. mutans-low group (p < 0.05) and Porphyromonas, Selenomonas_3 were found in the S. mutans-high group (p < 0.05). Through quantitative real-time PCR, Leptotrichia, Selenomonas and Prevotella_7 were identified as the potential biomarkers of SECC when S. mutans was at a low level.ConclusionLeptotrichia, Selenomonas and Prevotella_7 are identified as potential biomarkers in SECC with a low abundance or without S. mutans. Our study may shed light on the understanding of caries occurrence in SECC with low abundance of S. mutans.AbbreviationsS. mutans, Streptococcus mutans; CF, caries-free; SECC, severe early childhood caries; ECC, early childhood caries; rRNA, ribosome RNA; qPCR, Quantitative real-time PCR; OTUs, operational taxonomic units; ANOVA, analysis of variance; LDA, Linear discriminant analysis; LEfSe, Linear discriminant analysis effect size; COG, Groups of proteins; NMDS, Non-MetricMulti-Dimensional Scaling; IL-1β, interleukin -1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-10, interleukin-10.
| S-EPMC8896182 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To construct a saliva-based caries risk assessment model, saliva samples from 176 severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children and 178 healthy (H) children were screened by real-time PCR-based quantification of the selected species, including Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella denticola and Lactobacillus fermentum. Host factors including caries status, dmft indices, age, gender, and geographic origin were assessed in their influence on abundance of the targeted species, which revealed host caries status as the dominant factor, followed by dmft indices (both P?<?0.01). Moreover, levels of S. mutans and P. denticola in the S-ECC group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P?<?0.001 for S. mutans and P?<?0.01 for P. denticola). Interestingly, the co-occurrence network of these targeted species in the S-ECC group differed from that from the healthy group. Finally, based on the combined change pattern of S. mutans and P. pallens, we constructed an S-ECC diagnosis model with an accuracy of 72%. This saliva-based caries diagnosis model is of potential value for circumstances where sampling dental plague is difficult.
| S-EPMC7156402 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Comparative analysis of Severe Early Childhood Caries microbiome
| PRJNA454811 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundSevere early childhood caries (s-ECC), which has quite high prevalence among children, is a widespread problem with significant impacts among both developing and developed countries. At present, it is widely known that no early detective techniques and diagnostic tests could have high sensitivity and specificity when using for clinical screening of s-ECC. In this study, we had applied magnetic bead (MB)-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to screen distinctive candidate biomarkers of this disease, so as to establish protein profiles and diagnostic models of s-ECC.MethodsFirstly, we used the technique mentioned above to detect specifically expressed peptides in saliva samples from ten children with s-ECC, separately at the time point of before, 1 and 4 weeks after dental treatment. Then a diagnostic model for s-ECC was established with the K nearest-neighbour method, which was validated in another six children in the next stage of study. After that, linear ion trap-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to identify which of the proteins in saliva might be the origination of these peptides.ResultsWe found that seven peptide peaks were significantly different when comparing the three time points, among them two were higher, while other five were lower in the pre-treatment s-ECC group compared with post-treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic model we built were both 83.3 %. Two of these peptides were identified to be segments of histatin-1, which was one important secretory protein in saliva.ConclusionsHereby we confirmed that MB-based MALDI-TOF MS is an effective method for screening distinctive peptides from the saliva of junior patients with s-ECC, and histatin-1 may probably be one important candidate biomarker of this common dental disease. These findings might have bright prospect in future in establishing new diagnostic methods for s-ECC.
| S-EPMC4986381 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most prevalent oral disease in children, which greatly affects the quality of life and health condition of the patients. Although co-infection of oral streptococci and fungi has been well recognized in the development of ECC, the correlation between other core members of oral mycobiome and ECC progression remains unclear. In the current study, saliva samples obtained from severe ECC (SECC), ECC, and caries-free children were collected, and both V3-V4 16S rRNA and ITS1 rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were performed to investigate the salivary bacterial and fungal profiles. Significant alteration of salivary fungal community in SECC/ECC children was observed compared with the caries-free control. The typing analysis determined the fungal community into five fungal types, which influenced the structure of salivary bacteria. By performing Spearman correlation analysis, carious phenotypes were positively related to Fusobacterium but negatively linked to Neocosmospora, and a significant correlation of cross-kingdom taxonomic pairs was identified. Our work demonstrated the interactions between oral bacteria and fungi at the community level, which may advance our knowledge on the etiological role of bacteria/fungi in the development of ECC and promote better management of this disease.
| S-EPMC8884336 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectiveBacterial invasion into pulps of primary teeth can lead to infection and premature tooth loss in children. This pilot study aimed to explore whether the microbiota of carious exposures of dental pulps resembles that of carious dentin or that of infected root canals.DesignChildren with severe early childhood caries were studied. Children were consented and extent of caries, plaque, and gingivitis measured. Bacteria were sampled from carious lesion biofilms and vital carious exposures of pulps, and processed by anaerobic culture. Isolates were characterized from partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and identified by comparison with taxa in the Human Oral Microbiome Database (http://www.HOMD.org). The microbiotas of carious lesions and dental pulps were compared using univariate and multivariate approaches.ResultsThe microbiota of cariously exposed pulps was similar in composition to that of carious lesion biofilms except that fewer species/taxa were identified from pulps. The major taxa identified belonged to the phyla Firmicutes (mainly streptococci) and Actinobacteria (mainly Actinomyces species). Actinomyces and Selenomonas species were associated with carious lesions whereas Veillonella species, particularly Veillonella dispar was associated with pulps. Other bacteria detected in pulps included Streptococcus mutans, Parascardovia denticolens, Bifidobacterium longum, and several Lactobacillus and Actinomyces species. By principal, component analysis pulp microbiotas grouped together, whereas those in caries biofilms were widely dispersed.ConclusionsWe conclude that the microbiota of cariously exposed vital primary pulps is composed of a subset of species associated with carious lesions. Vital primary pulps had a dominant Firmicutes and Actinobacteria microbiota which contrasts with reports of endodontic infections which can harbor a gram-negative microbiota. The microbiota of exposed primary pulps may provide insight into bacterial species at the forefront of caries invasion in dentinal lesions that can invade into the pulp and the nature of species that need suppressing for successful pulp therapy.
| S-EPMC4317471 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Severe Early Childhood Caries (sECC) is a multifactorial disease associated with the occurrence of specific oral microorganisms and other environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. This study aimed to construct a multivariable model including the occurrence of Candida spp. and selected behavioral factors (length of breastfeeding, serving sweet beverages and beginning of brushing child's teeth) to determine their relationships to the occurrence of sECC. In this case-control study 164 children with sECC and 147 children without dental caries were included. MALDI-TOF MS and multiplex qPCR were used to identify Candida spp. and selected bacteria in dental plaque samples, respectively. A questionnaire on oral hygiene, diet, and children's health was filled in by the parents. The constructed multivariable logistic regression model showed an independent influence of the microbial and behavioral factors in sECC etiopathogenesis. The occurrence of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis was associated with higher odds of sECC development (odds ratio, OR: 9.62 and 16.93, respectively), together with breastfeeding of 6 months or less (OR: 2.71), exposure to sweet beverages (OR: 3.77), and starting to brush child's teeth after the 12th month of age (OR: 4.10), all statistically significant (p < 0.01). Considering the high occurrence of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in dental plaque in children with sECC, we propose them as "keystone pathogens" and risk factors for sECC. The models showed that presence of specific species of Candida in dental plaque may be a better descriptor of sECC than the mentioned behavioral factors.
| S-EPMC9357982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Polymorphisms in taste receptor genes have been shown to play a role in early childhood caries (ECC), a multifactorial, biofilm-mediated disease. This study aimed to evaluate associations between severe-ECC (S-ECC), the oral microbiome, and variants in genes that encode components of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling cascade involved in taste sensation. A total of 176 children (88 caries-free; 88 with S-ECC) were recruited. Analyses of 16S and ITS1 rRNA microbial genes and seven (GNAQ, GNAS, GNAT3, GNAI2, RAC1, RALB, and PLCB2) human genes were pursued using next-generation sequencing. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between genetic variants, S-ECC, and the supragingival plaque microbiome. Results suggest that PLCB2 rs2305645 (T), rs1869901 (G), and rs2305649 (G) alleles had a protective effect on S-ECC (rs2305645, odds ratio (OR) = 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14-0.51); rs1869901, OR = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20-0.58); and rs2305649, OR = 0.43 (95% CI: 0.26-0.71)). Variants in GNAQ, GNAS, GNAT3, PLCB2, RALB, and RAC1 were associated with oral fungal and bacterial community composition. This study revealed that three loci at PLCB2 are significantly associated with S-ECC. Variants in multiple genes were associated with the composition of dental biofilm. These findings contribute to the current knowledge about the role of genetics in S-ECC.
| S-EPMC9820665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:Genotypic strains of mutans streptococci (MS) may vary in important virulence properties and be differentially affected by specific components of full-mouth caries restorative therapy. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify mutans streptococci strains that predominate following caries restorative therapy. METHODS:Plaque from 7 children with severe early childhood caries was collected before and following therapy. MS isolates (N=828) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and arbitrarily primed-PCR (AP-PCR) for assignment within MS strains. Determining the longitudinal changes in MS strain distribution over time within each patient required the isolation of larger numbers of isolates per patient, but from fewer patients. RESULTS:Up to 39 genotypic strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, and 7 genotypic strains of non-MS streptococci were identified by AP-PCR and 16S ribosomal rRNA gene sequencing. The number of MS strains isolated from each patient were 3 to 7 prior to treatment, diminishing to 1 to 2 dominant MS strains in most patients 6 months following therapy. CONCLUSIONS:Caries restorative therapy resulted in shifts of specific mutans streptococcus and non-mutans streptococcus strains. The implications are that caries restorative therapy affects the distribution of MS strains, and that well-accepted practices for caries prevention should be more closely examined for efficacy.
| S-EPMC3828076 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this investigation was to describe maternal psychosocial, behavioral, and acculturation factors associated with early childhood caries in a sample of urban Latino mother-child dyads. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 100 mothers whose children (under the age of 6 y) were patients at the Dental Center at Children's Hospital Colorado in Aurora, Colorado. All children participating in the study received an oral examination to measure decayed, missing, filled, surfaces (dmfs). Participating mothers were given the option to sign the consent form and complete the survey in English or Spanish, according to their preferred language. The survey used demographic, behavioral, knowledge, and several psychosocial variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted with dmfs as a dependent variable. The associations between independent variables and dmfs were modeled using negative binomial regression. Mean ± SD dmfs for the entire sample was about 11 ± 16.85. The mothers who spoke Spanish had children with significantly (P = 0.046) higher dmfs scores (15.2) compared to mothers who spoke English (7.56). Preference of Spanish language was significantly associated with self-efficacy (P = 0.0043), oral health knowledge (P = 0.0024), and 3 subscales of the health belief model: perceived severity (P = 0.057), perceived barriers (P = 0.0002), and perceived susceptibility (P = 0.008). Both in the univariate and the multivariate models, oral health behavior and preferential use of Spanish remained significantly associated with higher dmfs scores. Results of this study demonstrate that maternal oral health behaviors and preferred language are significant factors associated with early childhood caries in urban Latino children. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results of this study indicate that maternal oral health behaviors and the level of acculturation are significantly associated with caries in urban Latino children. Caries prevention efforts in this population could use this information to tailor oral health messaging according to the level of acculturation in mothers.
| S-EPMC5734459 | biostudies-literature