Dataset Information

?-Retinol is distributed through serum retinol-binding protein-independent mechanisms in the lactating sow-nursing piglet dyad.

ABSTRACT: ?-Retinol (?R) is a structural isomer of retinol [vitamin A (VA)] that does not bind to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP). In this study, ?-retinyl acetate (?RA) was synthesized and given orally (35 ?mol) to VA-deficient lactating sows (n = 11) to assess its potential to trace RBP-independent retinol transport and tissue uptake. The ?RA dose primarily appeared in sow serum as 4 ?-retinyl esters (?RE) with peak serum total ?R concentrations (the sum of the alcohol and ester forms) detected at 2 h (70 ± 23 nmol/L, mean ± SEM) postdose. From 0 to 40 h postdose, the percentage of serum total ?R in the alcohol form did not increase. Rapid ?R uptake into sow milk was observed with peak concentrations (371 ± 83 nmol/L) at 7.5 h postdose, consistent with the uptake of ?RE from chylomicra. A high percentage of the ?RA dose (62 ± 15%, mean ± SD) was present in the livers of sows (n = 6) killed 22-28 d postdose. Approximately 15-26% of the sow ?RA dose was transferred to the livers of the nursing piglets (n = 17) after 3 d. In piglets and sows, a similar percentage of hepatic total ?R was detected in the ester form as that of hepatic total retinol. Taken together, these data suggest that an oral dose of ?RA effectively traces the uptake, esterification, chylomicron transport, and hepatic storage of retinol and may be useful for deciphering the role of RBP-independent delivery of retinol to other tissues.

SUBMITTER: Dever JT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3001235 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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α-Retinol is distributed through serum retinol-binding protein-independent mechanisms in the lactating sow-nursing piglet dyad.

Dever Joseph T JT Surles Rebecca L RL Davis Christopher R CR Tanumihardjo Sherry A SA

The Journal of nutrition 20101110 1

α-Retinol (αR) is a structural isomer of retinol [vitamin A (VA)] that does not bind to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP). In this study, α-retinyl acetate (αRA) was synthesized and given orally (35 μmol) to VA-deficient lactating sows (n = 11) to assess its potential to trace RBP-independent retinol transport and tissue uptake. The αRA dose primarily appeared in sow serum as 4 α-retinyl esters (αRE) with peak serum total αR concentrations (the sum of the alcohol and ester forms) detected at 2 ...[more]

PMID: 21068180

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Project description:BackgroundPiglet pre-weaning mortality (PWM) is one of the biggest problems regarding sow performance and piglet welfare. Recently, PWM has increased in some countries, but it is not known if there are similar increases in other countries, nor whether increased PWM is related to either increased numbers of piglets born alive (PBA) or to sow herd size. So, the objectives of the present study were 1) to explore the trend in PWM in Spanish sow herds over a recent 10-year period, along with related measurements such as PBA, stillborn piglets, herd productivity and herd size; and 2) to examine the relationships between PWM and the related measurements.MethodsHerd-level annual data from 2007 to 2016 for 91 herds in Spain were abstracted from a sow database compiled by a veterinary consultancy firm that asked client producers to mail data files on a regular basis. The database software automatically calculated herd-level PWM (%) as follows: the total number of piglets born alive to a sow completely weaned during a year (TPBA) minus the total number of piglets weaned by the completely weaned sow during the year divided by TPBA ×?100. All the statistical analyses were performed by using SAS University Edition. A growth curve model was applied to incorporate correlations for all of the observations arising from the same farm.ResultsOver the 10?years, herd means of PWM (standard deviation) increased from 11.9 (4.1) % to 14.4 (3.2) %, and mean PBA increased by 1.9 pigs. Mean age of piglet death during lactation increased by 3.8?days, and later years were significantly associated with herd size and the number of piglets weaned per sow per year (PSY; P?<? 0.05). Higher PWM was associated with more PBA, more stillborn piglets and small-to-mid herds (lower than the median size: <?570 sows; P?<? 0.05). Also, there was a significant interaction between the herd size groups and PBA for PWM (P?<? 0.05): as PBA increased from 9 to 14 pigs, PWM increased by 9.6% in small-to-mid herds, compared with an increase of only 6.6% in large herds (>?570 sows). Furthermore, as PWM decreased from 18 to 8%, herd productivity measured as PSY increased by 2.2 pigs in large herds, compared with only 0.6 pigs in small-to-mid herds.ConclusionLarge herds were better than small-to-mid herds at alleviating the association between increased PBA and increased PWM. Also, the relationship between decreased PWM and increased herd productivity was improved more in large herds than in small-to-mid herds.

Project description:The Institute of Medicine recommends that lactating women ingest 290 ?g iodide/d and a nursing infant, less than two years of age, 110 ?g/d. The World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, and International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders recommend population maternal and infant urinary iodide concentrations ? 100 ?g/L to ensure iodide sufficiency. For breast milk, researchers have proposed an iodide concentration range of 150-180 ?g/L indicates iodide sufficiency for the mother and infant, however no national or international guidelines exist for breast milk iodine concentration. For the first time, a lactating woman and nursing infant biologically based model, from delivery to 90 days postpartum, was constructed to predict maternal and infant urinary iodide concentration, breast milk iodide concentration, the amount of iodide transferred in breast milk to the nursing infant each day and maternal and infant serum thyroid hormone kinetics. The maternal and infant models each consisted of three sub-models, iodide, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). Using our model to simulate a maternal intake of 290 ?g iodide/d, the average daily amount of iodide ingested by the nursing infant, after 4 days of life, gradually increased from 50 to 101 ?g/day over 90 days postpartum. The predicted average lactating mother and infant urinary iodide concentrations were both in excess of 100 ?g/L and the predicted average breast milk iodide concentration, 157 ?g/L. The predicted serum thyroid hormones (T4, free T4 (fT4), and T3) in both the nursing infant and lactating mother were indicative of euthyroidism. The model was calibrated using serum thyroid hormone concentrations for lactating women from the United States and was successful in predicting serum T4 and fT4 levels (within a factor of two) for lactating women in other countries. T3 levels were adequately predicted. Infant serum thyroid hormone levels were adequately predicted for most data. For moderate iodide deficient conditions, where dietary iodide intake may range from 50 to 150 ?g/d for the lactating mother, the model satisfactorily described the iodide measurements, although with some variation, in urine and breast milk. Predictions of serum thyroid hormones in moderately iodide deficient lactating women (50 ?g/d) and nursing infants did not closely agree with mean reported serum thyroid hormone levels, however, predictions were usually within a factor of two. Excellent agreement between prediction and observation was obtained for a recent moderate iodide deficiency study in lactating women. Measurements included iodide levels in urine of infant and mother, iodide in breast milk, and serum thyroid hormone levels in infant and mother. A maternal iodide intake of 50 ?g/d resulted in a predicted 29-32% reduction in serum T4 and fT4 in nursing infants, however the reduced serum levels of T4 and fT4 were within most of the published reference intervals for infant. This biologically based model is an important first step at integrating the rapid changes that occur in the thyroid system of the nursing newborn in order to predict adverse outcomes from exposure to thyroid acting chemicals, drugs, radioactive materials or iodine deficiency.

Dataset Information

?-Retinol is distributed through serum retinol-binding protein-independent mechanisms in the lactating sow-nursing piglet dyad.

Publications

α-Retinol is distributed through serum retinol-binding protein-independent mechanisms in the lactating sow-nursing piglet dyad.

Similar Datasets

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