Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lamirel C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3005938 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.
Lamirel C C Newman N J NJ Biousse V V
Revue neurologique 20100601 12
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique routinely used in ophthalmology to visualize and quantify the layers of the retina. It also provides information on optic nerve head topography, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and macular volume, which correlate with axonal loss. These measurements are of particular interest in optic neuropathies and in multiple sclerosis, and OCT parameters are now used as endpoints in neurologic clinical trials. ...[more]
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Project description:PURPOSE:To improve the detection of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in multiple sclerosis (MS), a special peripapillary ring scanning algorithm (N-site RNFL, N-RNFL) was developed for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In contrast to the standard protocol (ST-RNFL) scanning starts nasally, not temporally, and provides an additional sector of analysis, the papillomacular bundle (PMB). We aimed to ascertain whether the temporal RNFL differs between the two techniques, whether N-RNFL is more sensitive than ST-RNFL to detect previous optic neuritis (ON), and whether analyzing the PMB adds additional sensitivity. Furthermore, we investigated whether RNFL is associated with disease severity and/or disease duration. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study of 38 patients with MS, of whom 24 had a history of ON, and 40 healthy controls (HC). Subjects with ON within the previous 6 months were excluded. Records included clinical characteristics, visual evoked potentials (VEP), and SD-OCT in both techniques. RESULTS:In a total of 73 evaluable MS eyes, temporal N-RNFL was abnormal in 17.8%, temporal ST-RNFL in 19.2%, and the PMB-RNFL in 21.9%. In ON eyes, the sensitivity of temporal N-RNFL and ST-RNFL did not differ significantly (37.0%/33.3%, p = 0.556). The sensitivity of VEP was 85.2%. RNFL thickness was associated with disease severity in all eyes, with and without a history of ON, and with disease duration. CONCLUSION:The two OCT techniques detected previous ON with similar sensitivity, but the sensitivity of VEPs was superior to that of both N-RNFL and ST-RNFL. Our results indicate that the widely used ST-RNFL technique is appropriate for peripapillary RNFL measurements in MS patients.
| S-EPMC4865166 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to analyze longitudinal changes in retinal microstructures following acute optic neuritis and to identify the factors that affect those changes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Forty-eight eyes of 37 patients with a first episode of optic neuritis and 48 eyes of 48 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients underwent serial OCT and visual function testing for more than six months. Individual layers from macular OCT were segmented with an automated algorithm. The total retinal layer (TRL), nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) of optic neuritis eyes showed significant thinning with time over 6-15 months (p < 0.001 for all). The outer nuclear layer (ONL) showed a later decrease in thickness (p = 0.007). The outer retinal layer (ORL) showed an increase (p = 0.007) in thickness at two to five months which was sustained over time. Low visual acuity and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) immunoglobulin (Ig) G were associated with changes in the thickness of the GCL, IPL, and ONL over time (p < 0.05 for all). Low visual acuity was also associated with changes in the thickness of the NFL over time (p = 0.033). Dynamic changes of retinal microstructures varied according to the retinal layer examined after an optic neuritis attack. Initial visual acuity and NMO-IgG were found to be significant factors affecting the changes in thickness of each retinal layer. These results will lead to a better understanding of the pathologic changes that occur in eyes with optic neuritis.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Limited prospective information exists regarding spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). OBJECTIVE:Document cross-sectional and longitudinal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) features of an SPMS clinical trial cohort. METHODS:Prospective, observational study using a 2-year randomized placebo-controlled SPMS trial cohort with yearly SD-OCT testing. Post hoc analysis determined influences of optic neuritis (ON), disease duration, and baseline SD-OCT on annualized atrophy rates and on correlations between OCT and brain atrophy. RESULTS:Mean RNFL and GCIPL values of patients ( n = 47, mean age = 59 years, mean disease duration = 30 years) were significantly lower among eyes with prior ON than those without (no history of ON (NON)). Annualized RNFL (-0.31 µm/year) and GCIPL (-0.29 µm/year) atrophy rates did not differ between ON and NON eyes. Baseline RNFL thickness >75 µm was associated with greater annualized RNFL atrophy (-0.85 µm/year). Neither RNFL nor GCIPL atrophy correlated with whole-brain atrophy. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that eyes with and without ON history may be pooled for atrophy analysis in SPMS clinical trials using SD-OCT. Low baseline RNFL, small retinal atrophy rates, and lack of correlation with whole-brain atrophy in this population are important trial design considerations.
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Project description:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate retinal axonal density and retinal capillary flow density (CFD) variations in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) as documented by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). MATERIAL AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary university eye hospital on 94 eyes from 48 MS patients compared to 37 eyes from 23 matched controls. MS patients were divided in two groups: those with previous episodes of optic neuritis (MS ON+, 71.4%) and those without any previous visual complaint (no optic neuritis group, MS ON, 28.6%). Patients underwent macular and optic nerve head OCT-A with Optovue XR Avanti (Optovue, Freemont, California) after that preliminary evaluation of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was achieved for each single eye by SD-OCT. CFD was evaluated in three different retinal layers of MS patients and controls: superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the choriocapillaris layer (CL). Each layer was analyzed in 18 preset subregions automatically detected by the system. CFD values were then correlated to the RNFL thickness and GCC thickness in the groups: p values were computed by t-tests between each group of MS patients and controls. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS:A significant difference in the overall CFD values was found between ON+ and ON- patients when compared to controls in 18 subregions of SCP. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between MS patients and controls in 16 subregions analyzed corresponding to the CL layer without difference between the two MS subgroups (ON+ and ON-). CONCLUSIONS:OCT-A when performed at the optic nerve head level and at the macular region is characterized by a reduction of retinal perfusion in a significant portion of MS patients independently if they had a previous history of optic nerve inflammation or not.
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Project description:PurposeTo investigate superficial retinal microvascular plexuses detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects and compare them with healthy controls.MethodsA total of 92 eyes from 92 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 149 control eyes were included in this prospective observational study. OCT-A imaging was performed using Triton Swept-Source OCT (Topcon Corporation, Japan). The vessel density (VD) percentage in the superficial retinal plexus and optic disc area (6 x 6 mm grid) was measured and compared between groups.ResultsMS patients showed a significant decrease VD in the superior (p = 0.005), nasal (p = 0.029) and inferior (p = 0.040) parafoveal retina compared with healthy subjects. Patients with disease durations of more than 5 years presented lower VD in the superior (p = 0.002), nasal (p = 0.017) and inferior (p = 0.022) parafoveal areas compared with healthy subjects. Patients with past optic neuritis episodes did not show retinal microvasculature alterations, but patients with an EDSS score of less than 3 showed a significant decrease in nasal (p = 0.024) and superior (p = 0.006) perifoveal VD when compared with healthy subjects.ConclusionsMS produces a decrease in retinal vascularization density in the superficial plexus of the parafoveal retina. Alterations in retinal vascularization observed in MS patients are independent of the presence of optic nerve inflammation. OCT-A has the ability to detect subclinical vascular changes and is a potential biomarker for diagnosing the presence and progression of MS.
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Project description:The aim of this work was to determine whether atrophy of specific retinal layers and brain substructures are associated over time, in order to further validate the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an indicator of neuronal tissue damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Cirrus high-definition OCT (including automated macular segmentation) was performed in 107 MS patients biannually (median follow-up: 46 months). Three-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging brain scans (including brain-substructure volumetrics) were performed annually. Individual-specific rates of change in retinal and brain measures (estimated with linear regression) were correlated, adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, and optic neuritis (ON) history.Rates of ganglion cell?+?inner plexiform layer (GCIP) and whole-brain (r?=?0.45; p?<?0.001), gray matter (GM; r?=?0.37; p?<?0.001), white matter (WM; r?=?0.28; p?=?0.007), and thalamic (r?=?0.38; p?<?0.001) atrophy were associated. GCIP and whole-brain (as well as GM and WM) atrophy rates were more strongly associated in progressive MS (r?=?0.67; p?<?0.001) than relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; r?=?0.33; p?=?0.007). However, correlation between rates of GCIP and whole-brain (and additionally GM and WM) atrophy in RRMS increased incrementally with step-wise refinement to exclude ON effects; excluding eyes and then patients (to account for a phenotype effect), the correlation increased to 0.45 and 0.60, respectively, consistent with effect modification. In RRMS, lesion accumulation rate was associated with GCIP (r?=?-0.30; p?=?0.02) and inner nuclear layer (r?=?-0.25; p?=?0.04) atrophy rates.Over time GCIP atrophy appears to mirror whole-brain, and particularly GM, atrophy, especially in progressive MS, thereby reflecting underlying disease progression. Our findings support OCT for clinical monitoring and as an outcome in investigative trials.
| S-EPMC4703093 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by both inflammatory and degenerative components that affect genetically susceptible individuals. Currently, the cause of MS remains unclear, and there is no known cure. Commonly used therapies tend to target inflammatory aspects of MS, but may not halt disease progression, which may be governed by the slow, subclinical accumulation of injury to neuroaxonal structures in the central nervous system (CNS). A recognized challenge in the field of MS relates to the need for better methods of detecting, quantifying, and ameliorating the effects of subclinical disease. Simply stated, better biomarkers are required. To this end, optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides highly reliable, reproducible measures of axonal damage and neuronal loss in MS patients. OCT-detected decrements in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion-cell layer-inner plexiform layer thickness, which represent markers of axonal damage and neuronal injury, respectively, have been shown to correlate with worse visual outcomes, increased clinical disability, and magnetic resonance imaging-measured burden of disease in MS patients. Recent reports have also suggested that OCT-measured microcystic macular edema and associated thickening of the retinal inner nuclear layer represent markers of active CNS inflammatory activity. Using the visual system as a putative clinical model in MS, OCT measures of neuroaxonal structure can be correlated with functional outcomes to help us elucidate mechanisms of CNS injury and repair. In this review, we evaluate evidence from the published literature and ongoing clinical trials that support the emerging role of OCT in diagnosing, staging, and determining response to therapy in MS patients.
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Project description:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that preferentially targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. The clinical presentation may suggest multiple sclerosis (MS), but a highly specific serum autoantibody against the astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 present in up to 80% of NMO patients enables distinction from MS. Optic neuritis may occur in either condition resulting in neuro-anatomical retinal changes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a useful tool for analyzing retinal damage both in MS and NMO. Numerous studies showed that optic neuritis in NMO typically results in more severe retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer thinning and more frequent development of microcystic macular edema than in MS. Furthermore, while patients' RNFL thinning also occurs in the absence of optic neuritis in MS, subclinical damage seems to be rare in NMO. Thus, OCT might be useful in differentiating NMO from MS and serve as an outcome parameter in clinical studies.
| S-EPMC4425816 | biostudies-other