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Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer.

ABSTRACT: After more than two decades of rising rates, in recent years the total kidney cancer incidence worldwide has shown signs of stabilizing, or even decreasing. In adults, kidney cancer consists of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the predominant form, and renal transitional cell carcinoma (RTCC); these types primarily arise in the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis, respectively. Although temporal trends by kidney cancer type are not well established worldwide, incidence of RCC in the US has continued to rise, mainly for early-stage tumors, while that of RTCC has declined, and total kidney cancer mortality rates have leveled. Stabilization of kidney cancer mortality rates has also been reported in Europe. These trends are consistent with reports of increasing incidental diagnoses and a downward shift in tumor stage and size in clinical series. The changing prevalence of known risk factors for RCC, including cigarette smoking, obesity, and hypertension, is also likely to affect incidence trends, although their relative impact may differ between populations. Accumulating evidence suggests an etiologic role in RCC for physical activity, alcohol consumption, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, and high parity among women, but further research is needed into the potential causal effects of these factors. Genetic factors and their interaction with environmental exposures are believed to influence risk of developing RCC, but a limited number of studies using candidate-gene approaches have not produced conclusive results. Large consortium efforts employing genome-wide scanning technology are underway, which hold promise for novel discoveries in renal carcinogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Chow WH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3012455 | biostudies-literature | 2010 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer.

Chow Wong-Ho WH Dong Linda M LM Devesa Susan S SS

Nature reviews. Urology 20100501 5

After more than two decades of rising rates, in recent years the total kidney cancer incidence worldwide has shown signs of stabilizing, or even decreasing. In adults, kidney cancer consists of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the predominant form, and renal transitional cell carcinoma (RTCC); these types primarily arise in the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis, respectively. Although temporal trends by kidney cancer type are not well established worldwide, incidence of RCC in the US has continued to ...[more]

PMID: 20448658

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Project description:BackgroundThe suicide risk was higher in kidney cancer patients than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to characterize the suicide rates among kidney cancer patients and to identify the potential risk factors associated with suicide from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsKidney cancer patients were identified from the SEER database during 1973-2015. Suicide rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of this population were calculated, and the US general population during 1981-2015 was chosen as a reference. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression were performed to find out potential risk factors of suicide.ResultsThere were 207 suicides identified among 171 819 individuals with kidney cancer observed for 948 272 person-years. The suicide rate was 21.83 per 100 000 person-years, and SMR was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.59-2.10). On Cox regression, diagnosis in early years (1973-1982 vs 2003-2015, HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01-4.11, P = 0.048; 1983-1992 vs 2003-2015, HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.18-3.35, P = 0.010), male sex (vs female sex, HR: 4.43, 95% CI: 2.95-6.65, P < 0.001), unmarried status (vs married status, HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.91-3.38, P < 0.001), non-black race (white race vs black race, HR: 4.47, 95% CI: 2.09-9.58, P < 0.001; other races vs black race, HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.08-8.37, P = 0.035), higher histologic grade (grade IV vs grade I, HR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.50-7.13, P = 0.003; grade III vs grade I, HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.19-3.81, P = 0.011) and cancer-directed surgery not performed (vs performed, HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.52-5.11, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors of suicide among kidney cancer patients.ConclusionsDiagnosis in early years, male sex, unmarried status, non-black race, higher histologic grade, and cancer-directed surgery not performed were significantly associated with suicide among kidney cancer patients. In order to prevent suicidal death, clinicians should pay more attention to patients with high-risk factors of suicide.

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Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer.

Publications

Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer.

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