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The phylogenetic position of Rhopalostroma as inferred from a polythetic approach.

ABSTRACT: The xylariaceous genus Rhopalostroma comprises a small conglomerate of stromatic, angiosperm-associated pyrenomycetes, which have so far exclusively been reported from the palaeotropics, above all from tropical Africa and South Asia. Morphological and chemotaxonomic studies had suggested their close relationship to the genera Daldinia and Hypoxylon. However, those results were mainly based on herbarium specimens, and no molecular phylogenetic data were available on Rhopalostroma. During a foray in Côte d'Ivoire, fresh material of R. angolense was collected, cultured and studied by microscopic methods and by secondary metabolite profiling using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. In addition, ITS nrDNA sequences of the cultures were generated and compared to those of representative Xylariaceae taxa, to evaluate the phylogenetic affinities of this fungus. The results showed that R. angolense is closely related to the daldinoid Xylariaceae, and in particular to the predominantly neotropical genera Phylacia and Thamnomyces.

SUBMITTER: Stadler M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3028513 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The phylogenetic position of Rhopalostroma as inferred from a polythetic approach.

Stadler M M Fournier J J Gardt S S Peršoh D D

Persoonia 20100727

The xylariaceous genus Rhopalostroma comprises a small conglomerate of stromatic, angiosperm-associated pyrenomycetes, which have so far exclusively been reported from the palaeotropics, above all from tropical Africa and South Asia. Morphological and chemotaxonomic studies had suggested their close relationship to the genera Daldinia and Hypoxylon. However, those results were mainly based on herbarium specimens, and no molecular phylogenetic data were available on Rhopalostroma. During a foray ...[more]

PMID: 21339963

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Project description:BackgroundThe lancelet Asymmetron inferum (subphylum Cephalochordata) was recently discovered on the ocean floor off the southwest coast of Japan at a depth of 229 m, in an anaerobic and sulfide-rich environment caused by decomposing bodies of the sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus. This deep sulfide-rich habitat of A. inferum is unique among the lancelets. The distinguishing adaptation of this species to such an extraordinary habitat can be considered in a phylogenetic framework. As the first step of reconstruction of the evolutionary processes in this species, we investigated its phylogenetic position based on 11 whole mitochondrial genome sequences including the newly determined ones of the whale-fall lancelet A. inferum and two coral-reef congeners.ResultsOur phylogenetic analyses showed that extant lancelets are clustered into two major clades, the Asymmetron clade and the Epigonichthys + Branchiostoma clade. A. inferum was in the former and placed in the sister group to A. lucayanum complex. The divergence time between A. inferum and A. lucayanum complex was estimated to be 115 Mya using the penalized likelihood (PL) method or 97 Mya using the nonparametric rate smoothing (NPRS) method (the middle Cretaceous). These are far older than the first appearance of large whales (the middle Eocene, 40 Mya). We also discovered that A. inferum mitogenome (mitochondrial genome) has been subjected to large-scale gene rearrangements, one feature of rearrangements being unique among the lancelets and two features shared with A. lucayanum complex.ConclusionOur study supports the monophyly of genus Asymmetron assumed on the basis of the morphological characters. Furthermore, the features of the A. inferum mitogenome expand our knowledge of variation within cephalochordate mitogenomes, adding a new case of transposition and inversion of the trnQ gene. Our divergence time estimation suggests that A. inferum remained a member of the Mesozoic and the early Cenozoic large vertebrate-fall communities before shifting to become a whale-fall specialist.

Dataset Information

The phylogenetic position of Rhopalostroma as inferred from a polythetic approach.

Publications

The phylogenetic position of Rhopalostroma as inferred from a polythetic approach.

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