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The effect of progesterone replacement on gene expression in the corpus luteum during induced regression and late luteal phase in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata).

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In higher primates, although LH/CG play a critical role in the control of corpus luteum (CL) function, the direct effects of progesterone (P4) in the maintenance of CL structure and function are unclear. Several experiments were conducted in the bonnet monkey to examine direct effects of P4 on gene expression changes in the CL, during induced luteolysis and the late luteal phase of natural cycles. METHODS: To identify differentially expressed genes encoding PR, PR binding factors, cofactors and PR downstream signaling target genes, the genome-wide analysis data generated in CL of monkeys after LH/P4 depletion and LH replacement were mined and validated by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Initially, expression of these P4 related genes were determined in CL during different stages of luteal phase. The recently reported model system of induced luteolysis, yet capable of responsive to tropic support, afforded an ideal situation to examine direct effects of P4 on structure and function of CL. For this purpose, P4 was infused via ALZET pumps into monkeys 24 h after LH/P4 depletion to maintain mid luteal phase circulating P4 concentration (P4 replacement). In another experiment, exogenous P4 was supplemented during late luteal phase to mimic early pregnancy. RESULTS: Based on the published microarray data, 45 genes were identified to be commonly regulated by LH and P4. From these 19 genes belonging to PR signaling were selected to determine their expression in LH/P4 depletion and P4 replacement experiments. These 19 genes when analyzed revealed 8 genes to be directly responsive to P4, whereas the other genes to be regulated by both LH and P4. Progesterone supplementation for 24 h during the late luteal phase also showed changes in expression of 17 out of 19 genes examined. CONCLUSION: These results taken together suggest that P4 regulates, directly or indirectly, expression of a number of genes involved in the CL structure and function.

SUBMITTER: Suresh PS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3038151 | biostudies-literature | 2011

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effect of progesterone replacement on gene expression in the corpus luteum during induced regression and late luteal phase in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata).

Suresh Padmanaban S PS Jayachandra Kadthur C KC Medhamurthy Rudraiah R

Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 20110203

<h4>Background</h4>In higher primates, although LH/CG play a critical role in the control of corpus luteum (CL) function, the direct effects of progesterone (P4) in the maintenance of CL structure and function are unclear. Several experiments were conducted in the bonnet monkey to examine direct effects of P4 on gene expression changes in the CL, during induced luteolysis and the late luteal phase of natural cycles.<h4>Methods</h4>To identify differentially expressed genes encoding PR, PR bindin ...[more]

PMID: 21291521

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Project description:Non-human primate populations, other than responding appropriately to naturally occurring challenges, also need to cope with anthropogenic factors such as environmental pollution, resource depletion, and habitat destruction. Populations and individuals are likely to show considerable variations in food extraction abilities, with some populations and individuals more efficient than others at exploiting a set of resources. In this study, we examined among urban free-ranging bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata (a) local differences in food extraction abilities, (b) between-individual variation and within-individual consistency in problem-solving success and the underlying problem-solving characteristics, and (c) behavioral patterns associated with higher efficiency in food extraction. When presented with novel food extraction tasks, the urban macaques having more frequent exposure to novel physical objects in their surroundings, extracted food material from PET bottles and also solved another food extraction task (i.e., extracting an orange from a wire mesh box), more often than those living under more natural conditions. Adults solved the tasks more frequently than juveniles, and females more frequently than males. Both solution-technique and problem-solving characteristics varied across individuals but remained consistent within each individual across the successive presentations of PET bottles. The macaques that solved the tasks showed lesser within-individual variation in their food extraction behavior as compared to those that failed to solve the tasks. A few macaques appropriately modified their problem-solving behavior in accordance with the task requirements and solved the modified versions of the tasks without trial-and-error learning. These observations are ecologically relevant - they demonstrate considerable local differences in food extraction abilities, between-individual variation and within-individual consistency in food extraction techniques among free-ranging bonnet macaques, possibly affecting the species' local adaptability and resilience to environmental changes.

Project description:BackgroundPGF2? is essential for the induction of the corpus luteum regression which in turn reduces progesterone production. Early growth response (EGR) proteins are Cys2-His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that are strongly linked to cellular proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Rapid elevation of EGR1 was observed after luteolytic dose of PGF2?. EGR1 is involved in the transactivation of many genes, including TGF?1, which plays an important role during luteal regression.MethodsThe current study was conducted in buffalo luteal cells with the aim to better understand the role of EGR1 in transactivation of TGF?1 during PGF2? induced luteal regression. Luteal cells from mid stage corpus luteum of buffalo were cultured and treated with different doses of PGF2? for different time durations. Relative expression of mRNAs encoding for enzymes within the progesterone biosynthetic pathway (3?HSD, CYP11A1 and StAR); Caspase 3; AKT were analyzed to confirm the occurrence of luteolytic event. To determine if EGR1 is involved in the PGF2? induced luteal regression via induction of TGF?1 expression, we knocked out the EGR1 gene by using CRISPR/Cas9.ResultThe present experiment determined whether EGR1 protein expression in luteal cells was responsive to PGF2? treatment. Quantification of EGR1 and TGF?1 mRNA showed significant up regulation in luteal cells of buffalo at 12 h post PGF2? induction. In order to validate the role of PGF2? on stimulating the expression of TGF?1 by an EGR1 dependent mechanism we knocked out EGR1. The EGR1 ablated luteal cells were stimulated with PGF2? and it was observed that EGR1 KO did not modulate the PGF2? induced expression of TGF?1. In PGF2? treated EGR1 KO luteal cell, the mRNA expression of Caspase 3 was significantly increased compared to PGF2? treated wild type luteal cells maintained for 12 h. We also studied the influence of EGR1 on steroidogenesis. The EGR1 KO luteal cells with PGF2? treatment showed no substantial difference either in the progesterone concentration or in StAR mRNA expression with PGF2?-treated wild type luteal cells.ConclusionThese results suggest that EGR1 signaling is not the only factor which plays a role in the regulation of PGF2? induced TGF?1 signaling for luteolysis.

Dataset Information

The effect of progesterone replacement on gene expression in the corpus luteum during induced regression and late luteal phase in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata).

Publications

The effect of progesterone replacement on gene expression in the corpus luteum during induced regression and late luteal phase in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata).

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