The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 reduces pathogen invasion and modulates cytokine expression in Caco-2 cells infected with Crohn's disease-associated E. coli LF82.
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SUBMITTER: Huebner C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3067434 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:AimsBacterial persisters are rare phenotypic variants in clonal bacterial cultures that can endure antimicrobial therapy and potentially contribute to infection relapse. Here, we investigate the potential of leveraging microbial interactions to disrupt persisters as they resuscitate during the post-antibiotic treatment recovery period.Methods and resultsWe treated stationary-phase E. coli MG1655 with a DNA-damaging fluoroquinolone and co-cultured the cells with probiotic E. coli Nissle following antibiotic removal. We found that E. coli Nissle reduced the survival of fluoroquinolone persisters and their progeny by over three orders of magnitude within 24 h. Using a bespoke H-diffusion cell apparatus that we developed, we showed that E. coli Nissle antagonized the fluoroquinolone-treated cells in a contact-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that the fluoroquinolone-treated cells can still activate the SOS response as they recover from antibiotic treatment in the presence of E. coli Nissle and that the persisters depend on TolC-associated efflux systems to defend themselves against the action of E. coli Nissle.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that probiotic bacteria, such as E. coli Nissle, have the potential to inhibit persisters as they resuscitate following antibiotic treatment.Significance and impact of the studyBacterial persisters are thought to underlie chronic infections and they can lead to an increase in antibiotic-resistant mutants in their progenies. Our data suggest that we can leverage the knowledge we gain on the interactions between microbial strains/species that interfere with persister resuscitation, such as those involving probiotic E. coli Nissle and E. coli MG1655 (a K-12 strain), to bolster the activity of our existing antibiotics.
| S-EPMC9468890 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Shiga toxin (Stx) producing E. coli (STEC) such as Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are the major cause of foodborne illness in humans. In vitro studies showed the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) to efficiently inhibit the production of Stx. Life threatening EHEC strains as for example the serotype O104:H4, responsible for the great outbreak in 2011 in Germany, evolutionary developed from certain E. coli strains which got infected by stx2-encoding lambdoid phages turning the E. coli into lysogenic and subsequently Stx producing strains. Since antibiotics induce stx genes and Stx production, EHEC infected persons are not recommended to be treated with antibiotics. Therefore, EcN might be an alternative medication. However, because even commensal E. coli strains might be converted into Stx-producers after becoming host to a stx encoding prophage, we tested EcN for stx-phage genome integration. Our experiments revealed the resistance of EcN toward not only stx-phages but also against lambda-phages. This resistance was not based on the lack of or by mutated phage receptors. Rather it involved the expression of a phage repressor (pr) gene of a defective prophage in EcN which was able to partially protect E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 against stx and lambda phage infection. Furthermore, we observed EcN to inactivate phages and thereby to protect E. coli K-12 strains against infection by stx- as well as lambda-phages. Inactivation of lambda-phages was due to binding of lambda-phages to LamB of EcN whereas inactivation of stx-phages was caused by a thermostable protein of EcN. These properties together with its ability to inhibit Stx production make EcN a good candidate for the prevention of illness caused by EHEC and probably for the treatment of already infected people.
| S-EPMC5987069 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Enteric microbial pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Shigella and Cryptosporidium species, take a particularly heavy toll in low-income countries and are highly associated with infant mortality. We describe here a means to display anti-infective agents on the surface of a probiotic bacterium. Because of their stability and versatility, VHHs, the variable domains of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies, have potential as components of novel agents to treat or prevent enteric infectious disease. We isolated and characterized VHHs targeting several enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) virulence factors: flagellin (Fla), which is required for bacterial motility and promotes colonization; both intimin and the translocated intimin receptor (Tir), which together play key roles in attachment to enterocytes; and E. coli secreted protein A (EspA), an essential component of the type III secretion system (T3SS) that is required for virulence. Several VHHs that recognize Fla, intimin, or Tir blocked function in vitro. The probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) produces on the bacterial surface curli fibers, which are the major proteinaceous component of E. coli biofilms. A subset of Fla-, intimin-, or Tir-binding VHHs, as well as VHHs that recognize either a T3SS of another important bacterial pathogen (Shigella flexneri), a soluble bacterial toxin (Shiga toxin or Clostridioides difficile toxin TcdA), or a major surface antigen of an important eukaryotic pathogen (Cryptosporidium parvum) were fused to CsgA, the major curli fiber subunit. Scanning electron micrographs indicated CsgA-VHH fusions were assembled into curli fibers on the EcN surface, and Congo Red binding indicated that these recombinant curli fibers were produced at high levels. Ectopic production of these VHHs conferred on EcN the cognate binding activity and, in the case of anti-Shiga toxin, was neutralizing. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of the curli-based pathogen sequestration strategy described herein and contribute to the development of novel VHH-based gut therapeutics.
| S-EPMC9477280 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oral administration of the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 improves chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, but the molecular basis for this therapeutic efficacy is unknown. E. coli Nissle 1917 harbors a cluster of genes coding for the biosynthesis of hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide(s). This biosynthetic pathway confers the ability for bacteria to induce DNA double strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. Here we reveal that inactivation of the clbA gene within this genomic island abrogated the ability for the strain to induce DNA damage and chromosomal abnormalities in non-transformed cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells but is required for the probiotic activity of E. coli Nissle 1917. Thus, evaluation of colitis severity induced in rodent fed with E. coli Nissle 1917 or an isogenic non-genotoxic mutant demonstrated the need for a functional biosynthetic pathway both in the amelioration of the disease and in the modulation of cytokine expression. Feeding rodents with a complemented strain for which genotoxicity was restored confirmed that this biosynthetic pathway contributes to the health benefits of the probiotic by modulating its immunomodulatory properties. Our data provide additional evidence for the benefit of this currently used probiotic in colitis but remind us that an efficient probiotic may also have side effects as any other medication.
| S-EPMC3495787 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been used therapeutically for over a century, the determinants of its probiotic properties remain elusive. EcN produces two siderophore-microcins (Mcc) responsible for an antagonistic activity against other Enterobacteriaceae. EcN also synthesizes the genotoxin colibactin encoded by the pks island. Colibactin is a virulence factor and a putative pro-carcinogenic compound. Therefore, we aimed to decouple the antagonistic activity of EcN from its genotoxic activity. We demonstrated that the pks-encoded ClbP, the peptidase that activates colibactin, is required for the antagonistic activity of EcN. The analysis of a series of ClbP mutants revealed that this activity is linked to the transmembrane helices of ClbP and not the periplasmic peptidase domain, indicating the transmembrane domain is involved in some aspect of Mcc biosynthesis or secretion. A single amino acid substitution in ClbP inactivates the genotoxic activity but maintains the antagonistic activity. In an in vivo salmonellosis model, this point mutant reduced the clinical signs and the fecal shedding of Salmonella similarly to the wild type strain, whereas the clbP deletion mutant could neither protect nor outcompete the pathogen. The ClbP-dependent antibacterial effect was also observed in vitro with other E. coli strains that carry both a truncated form of the Mcc gene cluster and the pks island. In such strains, siderophore-Mcc synthesis also required the glucosyltransferase IroB involved in salmochelin production. This interplay between colibactin, salmochelin, and siderophore-Mcc biosynthetic pathways suggests that these genomic islands were co-selected and played a role in the evolution of E. coli from phylogroup B2. This co-evolution observed in EcN illustrates the fine margin between pathogenicity and probiotic activity, and the need to address both the effectiveness and safety of probiotics. Decoupling the antagonistic from the genotoxic activity by specifically inactivating ClbP peptidase domain opens the way to the safe use of EcN.
| S-EPMC6776366 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (O6:K5:H1) is used as a probiotic agent in medicine, mainly for the treatment of various gastroenterological diseases. To gain insight on the genetic level into its properties of colonization and commensalism, this strain's genome structure has been analyzed by three approaches: (i) sequence context screening of tRNA genes as a potential indication of chromosomal integration of horizontally acquired DNA, (ii) sequence analysis of 280 kb of genomic islands (GEIs) coding for important fitness factors, and (iii) comparison of Nissle 1917 genome content with that of other E. coli strains by DNA-DNA hybridization. PCR-based screening of 324 nonpathogenic and pathogenic E. coli isolates of different origins revealed that some chromosomal regions are frequently detectable in nonpathogenic E. coli and also among extraintestinal and intestinal pathogenic strains. Many known fitness factor determinants of strain Nissle 1917 are localized on four GEIs which have been partially sequenced and analyzed. Comparison of these data with the available knowledge of the genome structure of E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 and of uropathogenic E. coli O6 strains CFT073 and 536 revealed structural similarities on the genomic level, especially between the E. coli O6 strains. The lack of defined virulence factors (i.e., alpha-hemolysin, P-fimbrial adhesins, and the semirough lipopolysaccharide phenotype) combined with the expression of fitness factors such as microcins, different iron uptake systems, adhesins, and proteases, which may support its survival and successful colonization of the human gut, most likely contributes to the probiotic character of E. coli strain Nissle 1917.
| S-EPMC490877 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Administration of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) decreases visceral pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Mutation of clbA, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including colibactin, was previously shown to abrogate EcN probiotic activity. Here, we show that EcN, but not an isogenic clbA mutant, produces an analgesic lipopeptide. We characterize lipoamino acids and lipopeptides produced by EcN but not by the mutant by online liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. One of these lipopeptides, C12AsnGABAOH, is able to cross the epithelial barrier and to inhibit calcium flux induced by nociceptor activation in sensory neurons via the GABAB receptor. C12AsnGABAOH inhibits visceral hypersensitivity induced by nociceptor activation in mice. Thus, EcN produces a visceral analgesic, which could be the basis for the development of new visceral pain therapies.
| S-EPMC5670229 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEscherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a probiotic bacterium used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases. EcN is increasingly being used as a chassis for the engineering of advanced microbiome therapeutics. To aid in future engineering efforts, our aim was to construct an updated metabolic model of EcN with extended secondary metabolite representation.ResultsAn updated high-quality genome-scale metabolic model of EcN, iHM1533, was developed based on comparison with 55 E. coli/Shigella reference GEMs and manual curation, including expanded secondary metabolite pathways (enterobactin, salmochelins, aerobactin, yersiniabactin, and colibactin). The model was validated and improved using phenotype microarray data, resulting in an 82.3% accuracy in predicting growth phenotypes on various nutrition sources. Flux variability analysis with previously published 13C fluxomics data validated prediction of the internal central carbon fluxes. A standardised test suite called Memote assessed the quality of iHM1533 to have an overall score of 89%. The model was applied by using constraint-based flux analysis to predict targets for optimisation of secondary metabolite production. Modelling predicted design targets from across amino acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, and other subsystems that are common or unique for influencing the production of various secondary metabolites.ConclusioniHM1533 represents a well-annotated metabolic model of EcN with extended secondary metabolite representation. Phenotype characterisation and the iHM1533 model provide a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of EcN and will help future metabolic engineering efforts.
| S-EPMC9801561 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In most cases, acute diarrhoea will become self-limiting during the first few days after onset. For young children, however, health risks may develop when the disease lasts longer than 3 days. The purpose of the present trial was to determine whether the stool frequency of infants and toddlers suffering from acute diarrhoea could be normalised more quickly by administering the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) solution than by administering a placebo. The safety of EcN were also assessed. A total of 113 children (aged 2-47 months) with acute diarrhoea (> three watery or loose stools in 24 h) were randomised to either a group receiving the probiotic EcN suspension (n = 55) or a group receiving the placebo suspension (n = 58) in a confirmative, double-blind clinical trial. Depending on the age of patients, 1-3 ml per day of verum suspension (10(8) viable EcN cells per millilitre) or placebo were administered orally. The causes of the diarrhoea were viral rather than bacterial, but they were mainly unspecific infections. The median onset of treatment response (reduction of daily stool frequency to </= three watery or loose stools over at least 2 consecutive days) occurred more rapidly in the children receiving the EcN solution (2.5 days) than in those receiving the placebo (4.8 days), a significant difference (2.3 days; p = 0.0007). The number of patients showing a response was clearly higher (p < 0.0001) in the EcN group (52/55; 94.5%) than in the placebo group (39/58; 67.2%). EcN was found to be safe and well-tolerated, and it showed a significant superiority compared to the placebo in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in infants and toddlers.
| S-EPMC1802727 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (DSM 6601, Mutaflor), generally considered beneficial and safe, has been used for a century to treat various intestinal diseases. However, Nissle 1917 hosts in its genome the pks pathogenicity island that codes for the biosynthesis of the genotoxin colibactin. Colibactin is a potent DNA alkylator, suspected to play a role in colorectal cancer development. We show in this study that Nissle 1917 is functionally capable of producing colibactin and inducing interstrand cross-links in the genomic DNA of epithelial cells exposed to the probiotic. This toxicity was even exacerbated with lower doses of the probiotic, when the exposed cells started to divide again but exhibited aberrant anaphases and increased gene mutation frequency. DNA damage was confirmed in vivo in mouse models of intestinal colonization, demonstrating that Nissle 1917 produces the genotoxin in the gut lumen. Although it is possible that daily treatment of adult humans with their microbiota does not produce the same effects, administration of Nissle 1917 as a probiotic or as a chassis to deliver therapeutics might exert long-term adverse effects and thus should be considered in a risk-versus-benefit evaluation. IMPORTANCE Nissle 1917 is sold as a probiotic and considered safe even though it has been known since 2006 that it harbors the genes for colibactin synthesis. Colibactin is a potent genotoxin that is now linked to causative mutations found in human colorectal cancer. Many papers concerning the use of this strain in clinical applications ignore or elude this fact or misleadingly suggest that Nissle 1917 does not induce DNA damage. Here, we demonstrate that Nissle 1917 produces colibactin in vitro and in vivo and induces mutagenic DNA damage. This is a serious safety concern that must not be ignored in the interests of patients, the general public, health care professionals, and ethical probiotic manufacturers.
| S-EPMC8386472 | biostudies-literature