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Tomato 14-3-3 protein TFT7 interacts with a MAP kinase kinase to regulate immunity-associated programmed cell death mediated by diverse disease resistance proteins.

ABSTRACT: Programmed cell death (PCD) associated with immunity is triggered when a plant disease resistance (R) protein recognizes a corresponding pathogen virulence protein. In tomato, detection by the host Pto kinase of the Pseudomonas syringae proteins AvrPto or AvrPtoB causes localized PCD. Previously, we reported that both MAPKKK? (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase) and the tomato 14-3-3 protein 7 (TFT7) positively regulate Pto-mediated PCD in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, in contrast to MAPKKK?, TFT7 is required for PCD mediated by four other R proteins. Here we investigate why TFT7 is required for PCD induced by diverse R proteins in plants. We discovered that a MAPKK, SlMKK2, which acts downstream of SlMAPKKK?, also interacts with TFT7 in plant cells. Gene silencing experiments revealed that the orthologous genes of both SlMKK2 and TFT7 in N. benthamiana are required for PCD mediated by the same set of R proteins. SlMKK2 and its orthologs contain a 14-3-3 binding site in their N terminus, and Thr(33) in this site is required for interaction with TFT7 in vivo. Like the structurally similar human 14-3-3? protein, TFT7 forms a homodimer in vivo. Because TFT7 interacts with both SlMAPKKK? and SlMKK2 and also forms a homodimer, we propose that TFT7 may coordinately recruit these client proteins for efficient signal transfer, leading to PCD induction.

SUBMITTER: Oh CS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3077614 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tomato 14-3-3 protein TFT7 interacts with a MAP kinase kinase to regulate immunity-associated programmed cell death mediated by diverse disease resistance proteins.

Oh Chang-Sik CS Martin Gregory B GB

The Journal of biological chemistry 20110304 16

Programmed cell death (PCD) associated with immunity is triggered when a plant disease resistance (R) protein recognizes a corresponding pathogen virulence protein. In tomato, detection by the host Pto kinase of the Pseudomonas syringae proteins AvrPto or AvrPtoB causes localized PCD. Previously, we reported that both MAPKKKα (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase) and the tomato 14-3-3 protein 7 (TFT7) positively regulate Pto-mediated PCD in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. In additio ...[more]

PMID: 21378171

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Project description:Iron is an essential micronutrient for all organisms and its uptake, translocation, distribution and utilization are regulated in a complex manner in plants. FER, isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), was the first transcription factor involved in the iron homeostasis of higher plants to be identified. A FER defect in the T3238fer mutant drastically downregulates the expression of iron uptake genes, such as ferric-chelate reductase 1 (LeFRO1) and iron-regulated transporter 1 (LeIRT1); however, the molecular mechanism by which FER regulates genes downstream remains unknown. The aim of this work was therefore to identify the gene that interacts with FER to regulate the iron-deficiency response in tomato.The homologue of the Arabidopsis Ib subgroup of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, SlbHLH068, was identified by using the program BLASTP against the AtbHLH39 amino acid sequence in the tomato genome. The interaction between SlbHLH068 and FER was detected using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to generate tomato plants in which SlbHLH068 expression was downregulated. The expression of genes was analysed using northern blot hybridization and multiple RT-PCR analysis. Seedlings of wild-type and mutant plants were grown under conditions of different nutrient deficiency.SlbHLH068 is highly upregulated in roots, leaves and stems in response to iron deficiency. An interaction between SlbHLH068 and FER was demonstrated using yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays. The heterodimer formed by FER with SlbHLH068 directly bound to the promoter of LeFRO1 and activated the expression of its reporter gene in the yeast assay. The downregulation of SlbHLH068 expression by VIGS resulted in a reduction of LeFRO1 and LeIRT1 expression and iron accumulation in leaves and roots.The results indicate that SlbHLH068, as a putative transcription factor, is involved in iron homeostasis in tomato via an interaction with FER.

Dataset Information

Tomato 14-3-3 protein TFT7 interacts with a MAP kinase kinase to regulate immunity-associated programmed cell death mediated by diverse disease resistance proteins.

Publications

Tomato 14-3-3 protein TFT7 interacts with a MAP kinase kinase to regulate immunity-associated programmed cell death mediated by diverse disease resistance proteins.

Similar Datasets

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