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Novel interactions of fluorinated nucleotide derivatives targeting orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase.

ABSTRACT: Fluorinated nucleosides and nucleotides are of considerable interest to medicinal chemists because of their antiviral, anticancer, and other biological activities. However, their direct interactions at target binding sites are not well understood. A new class of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-C6-substituted uridine and UMP derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (ODCase or OMPDCase). These compounds were synthesized from the key intermediate, fully protected 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine. Among the synthesized compounds, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-6-iodo-UMP covalently inhibited human ODCase with a second-order rate constant of 0.62 ± 0.02 M(-1) s(-1). Interestingly, the 6-cyano-2'-fluoro derivative covalently interacted with ODCase defying the conventional thinking, where its ribosyl derivative undergoes transformation into BMP by ODCase. This confirms that the 2'-fluoro moiety influences the chemistry at the C6 position of the nucleotides and thus interactions in the active site of ODCase. Molecular interactions of the 2'-fluorinated nucleotides are compared to those with the 3'-fluorinated nucleotides bound to the corresponding target enzyme, and the carbohydrate moieties were shown to bind in different conformations.

SUBMITTER: Lewis M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3083246 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel interactions of fluorinated nucleotide derivatives targeting orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase.

Lewis Melissa M Meza-Avina Maria Elena ME Wei Lianhu L Crandall Ian E IE Bello Angelica Mara AM Poduch Ewa E Liu Yan Y Paige Christopher J CJ Kain Kevin C KC Pai Emil F EF Kotra Lakshmi P LP

Journal of medicinal chemistry 20110321 8

Fluorinated nucleosides and nucleotides are of considerable interest to medicinal chemists because of their antiviral, anticancer, and other biological activities. However, their direct interactions at target binding sites are not well understood. A new class of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-C6-substituted uridine and UMP derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (ODCase or OMPDCase). These compounds were synthesized from the key intermediate, full ...[more]

PMID: 21417464

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Project description:The reaction catalyzed by orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC) involves a stabilized anionic intermediate, although the structural basis for the rate acceleration (k(cat)/k(non), 7.1 x 10(16)) and proficiency [(k(cat)/K(M))/k(non), 4.8 x 10(22) M(-1)] is uncertain. That the OMPDCs from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (MtOMPDC) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScOMPDC) catalyze the exchange of H6 of the UMP product with solvent deuterium allows an estimate of a lower limit on the rate acceleration associated with stabilization of the intermediate and its flanking transition states (>or=10(10)). The origin of the "missing" contribution, <or=10(7) ( approximately 10(17) total - >or=10(10)), is of interest. Based on structures of liganded complexes, unfavorable electrostatic interactions between the substrate carboxylate group and a proximal Asp (Asp 70 in MtOMPDC and Asp 91 in ScOMPDC) have been proposed to contribute to the catalytic efficiency [Wu, N., Mo, Y., Gao, J., and Pai, E. F. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 2017-2022]. We investigated that hypothesis by structural and functional characterization of the D70N and D70G mutants of MtOMPDC and the D91N mutant of ScOMPDC. The substitutions for Asp 70 in MtOMPDC significantly decrease the value of k(cat) for decarboxylation of FOMP (a more reactive substrate analogue) but have little effect on the value of k(ex) for exchange of H6 of FUMP with solvent deuterium; the structures of wild-type MtOMPDC and its mutants are superimposable when complexed with 6-azaUMP. In contrast, the D91N mutant of ScOMPDC does not catalyze exchange of H6 of FUMP; the structures of wild-type ScOMPDC and its D91N mutant are not superimposable when complexed with 6-azaUMP, with differences in both the conformation of the active site loop and the orientation of the ligand vis a vis the active site residues. We propose that the differential effects of substitutions for Asp 70 of MtOMPDC on decarboxylation and exchange provide additional evidence for a carbanionic intermediate as well as the involvement of Asp 70 in substrate destabilization.

Project description:The mystery associated with catalysis by what were once regarded as protein black boxes, diminished with the X-ray crystallographic determination of the three-dimensional structures of enzyme-substrate complexes. The report that several high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC) failed to provide a consensus mechanism for enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of OMP to form uridine 5'-monophosphate, therefore, provoked a flurry of controversy. This controversy was fueled by the enormous 1023-fold rate acceleration for this enzyme, which had " jolted many biochemists' assumptions about the catalytic potential of enzymes." Our studies on the mechanism of action of OMPDC provide strong evidence that catalysis by this enzyme is not fundamentally different from less proficient catalysts, while highlighting important architectural elements that enable a peak level of performance. Many enzymes undergo substrate-induced protein conformational changes that trap their substrates in solvent occluded protein cages, but the conformational change induced by ligand binding to OMPDC is incredibly complex, as required to enable the development of 22 kcal/mol of stabilizing binding interactions with the phosphodianion and ribosyl substrate fragments of OMP. The binding energy from these fragments is utilized to activate OMPDC for catalysis of decarboxylation at the orotate fragment of OMP, through the creation of a tight, catalytically active, protein cage from the floppy, open, unliganded form of OMPDC. Such utilization of binding energy for ligand-driven conformational changes provides a general mechanism to obtain specificity in transition state binding. The rate enhancement that results from the binding of carbon acid substrates to enzymes is partly due to a reduction in the carbon acid p Ka that is associated with ligand binding. The binding of UMP to OMPDC results in an unusually large >12 unit decrease in the p Ka = 29 for abstraction of the C-6 substrate hydrogen, due to stabilization of an enzyme-bound vinyl carbanion, which is also an intermediate of OMPDC-catalyzed decarboxylation. The protein-ligand interactions operate to stabilize the vinyl carbanion at the enzyme active site compared to aqueous solution, rather than to stabilize the transition state for the concerted electrophilic displacement of CO2 by H+ that avoids formation of this reaction intermediate. There is evidence that OMPDC induces strain into the bound substrate. The interaction between the amide side chain of Gln-215 from the phosphodianion gripper loop and the hydroxymethylene side chain of Ser-154 from the pyrimidine umbrella of ScOMPDC position the amide side chain to interact with the phosphodianion of OMP. There are no direct stabilizing interactions between dianion gripper protein side chains Gln-215, Tyr-217, and Arg-235 and the pyrimidine ring at the decarboxylation transition state. Rather these side chains function solely to hold OMPDC in the catalytically active closed conformation. The hydrophobic side chains that line the active site of OMPDC in the region of the departing CO2 product may function to stabilize the decarboxylation transition state by providing hydrophobic solvation of this product.

Dataset Information

Novel interactions of fluorinated nucleotide derivatives targeting orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase.

Publications

Novel interactions of fluorinated nucleotide derivatives targeting orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase.

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