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Analysis of the beta-tubulin genes from Enterocytozoon bieneusi isolates from a human and rhesus macaque.

ABSTRACT: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common and clinically significant microsporidium associated with chronic diarrhea and wasting in immunocompromised humans. Albendazole, which is effective against several helminths, protozoa, and microsporidia, is relatively ineffective against infections due to E. bieneusi. A likely explanation for the observed clinical resistance to albendazole was discovered from sequence analysis of the E. bieneusibeta-tubulin from isolates from an infected human and a naturally infected rhesus macaque. The beta-tubulin of E. bieneusi has a substitution at Glu(198), which is one of six amino acids reported to be associated with benzimidazole sensitivity.

SUBMITTER: Akiyoshi DE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3109643 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Analysis of the beta-tubulin genes from Enterocytozoon bieneusi isolates from a human and rhesus macaque.

Akiyoshi Donna E DE Weiss Louis M LM Feng Xiaochuan X Williams Bryony A P BA Keeling Patrick J PJ Zhang Quanshun Q Tzipori Saul S

The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 20070101 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common and clinically significant microsporidium associated with chronic diarrhea and wasting in immunocompromised humans. Albendazole, which is effective against several helminths, protozoa, and microsporidia, is relatively ineffective against infections due to E. bieneusi. A likely explanation for the observed clinical resistance to albendazole was discovered from sequence analysis of the E. bieneusibeta-tubulin from isolates from an infected human and a nat ...[more]

PMID: 17300517

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Epidemiological investigation and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in 11 captive Rhesus macaque populations.

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Prevalence and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in China: A zoonotic concern.

Project description:Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of animal host. There are only few reports of E. bieneusi infection in wild Chinese rhesus macaques. Here, we determined the prevalence of E. bieneusi in nine wild rhesus macaque populations and assessed their zoonotic potential by performed genotype of ITS gene. A total of 324 fecal samples of rhesus macaque were collected in nine geographical populations from five Chinese provinces (Sichuan, Chongqing, Qinghai, Tibet and Hainan). 38 samples (11.7%) were found to be infected with E. bieneusi, and 11 genotypes were identified including three known genotypes (D, EbpC and SCC-2) and eight novel genotypes named Mul6∼13. Genotype D (63.2%) was the most prevalent, being observed in seven populations except XZ-2 and QH, and other genotypes were identified only in a single area. According to the phylogenetic analysis, Mul6∼9, Mul11∼13 and zoonotic genotype D were clustered into Group 1, indicating that these genotypes may be potentially zoonotic. Among nine populations, population SC-3 had the highest infection rate (26.3%), and the lowest was the wild QH population without infection, but the difference of infection rate among the nine populations is not significant. It is concluded that, rhesus macaque populations are generally infected E. bieneusi in many areas of China, and there may be a risk of cross infection with E. bieneusi in some areas found having zoonotic genotypes, and these areas should be paid more attention to prevent.

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Identification of potentially human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in various birds.

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Project description:Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian associated with human disease, particularly in the immunocompromised population. In the setting of HIV infection, it is associated with diarrhea and wasting syndrome. Like all microsporidia, E. bieneusi is an obligate, intracellular parasite, but unlike others, it is in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. Studies of E. bieneusi have been greatly limited due to the absence of genomic data and lack of a robust cultivation system. Here, we present the first large-scale genomic dataset for E. bieneusi. Approximately 3.86 Mb of unique sequence was generated by paired end Sanger sequencing, representing about 64% of the estimated 6 Mb genome. A total of 3,804 genes were identified in E. bieneusi, of which 1,702 encode proteins with assigned functions. Of these, 653 are homologs of Encephalitozoon cuniculi proteins. Only one E. bieneusi protein with assigned function had no E. cuniculi homolog. The shared proteins were, in general, evenly distributed among the functional categories, with the exception of a dearth of genes encoding proteins associated with pathways for fatty acid and core carbon metabolism. Short intergenic regions, high gene density, and shortened protein-coding sequences were observed in the E. bieneusi genome, all traits consistent with genomic compaction. Our findings suggest that E. bieneusi is a likely model for extreme genome reduction and host dependence.

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