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Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve ?-cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

ABSTRACT: Ginseng and its active component, ginsenoside Re, are popular herbal products that are advocated for treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ginseng or ginsenoside Re improves ?-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) in insulin-resistant subjects.Overweight or obese subjects (BMI = 34 ± 1 kg/m²) with impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomized to 30 days of treatment with ginseng root extract (8 g/day), ginsenoside Re (250-500 mg/day), or placebo. ?-Cell function was assessed as the disposition index (DI) and measured by a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test, and IS was assessed as the relative increase in glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure plus stable isotope tracer infusion.Values for DI and IS after therapy (Post) were not different from values before therapy (Pre) in the placebo (DI: Pre, 5.8 ± 0.9 × 10?³ and Post, 5.8 ± 0.8 × 10?³, P = 0.99; IS: Pre,165 ± 29% and Post, 185 ± 24%, P = 0.34), ginseng (DI: Pre, 7.7 ± 2.0 × 10?³ and Post, 6.0 ± 0.8 × 10?³, P = 0.29; IS: Pre, 171 ± 72% and Post,137 ± 59%, P = 0.88), and ginsenoside Re (DI: Pre, 7.4 ± 3.0 × 10?³ and Post, 5.9 ± 1.1 × 10?³, P = 0.50; IS: Pre, 117 ± 31% and Post, 134 ± 34%, P = 0.44) groups. Ginsenosides Re, Rb?, and Rb? were not detectable in plasma after treatment with ginseng root extract or ginsenoside Re.Oral ginseng or ginsenoside Re therapy does not improve ?-cell function or IS in overweight/obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed diabetes. Poor systemic bioavailability might be responsible for the absence of a therapeutic effect.

SUBMITTER: Reeds DN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3114517 | biostudies-literature | 2011 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve β-cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

Reeds Dominic N DN Patterson Bruce W BW Okunade Adewole A Holloszy John O JO Polonsky Kenneth S KS Klein Samuel S

Diabetes care 20110316 5

<h4>Objective</h4>Ginseng and its active component, ginsenoside Re, are popular herbal products that are advocated for treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ginseng or ginsenoside Re improves β-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) in insulin-resistant subjects.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Overweight or obese subjects (BMI = 34 ± 1 kg/m²) with impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomized to 30 days of treatment with ...[more]

PMID: 21411505

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Project description:BACKGOUND:Theobromine, a component of cocoa, may favorably affect conventional lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers, but effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and other vascular function markers are not known. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of 4-week theobromine consumption (500 mg/day) on fasting and postprandial vascular function markers. DESIGN:In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 44 apparently healthy overweight (N?=?30) and obese (N?=?14) men and women with low HDL-C concentrations, consumed daily 500 mg theobromine or placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, FMD, peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvasculature measurements were performed. These measurements were carried out under fasting conditions and 2.5 h after a high-fat mixed meal challenge. RESULTS:4-week theobromine consumption did not change fasting vascular function markers, except for a decrease in central AIx (cAIx, -?1.7 pp, P?=?0.037) and a trend towards smaller venular calibers (-?2 µm, P?=?0.074). Consuming a high-fat mixed meal decreased FMD (0.89 pp, P?=?0.002), reactive hyperemia index (RHI, -?0.30, P?<?0.001), peripheral systolic BP (SBP, -?3 mmHg, P???0.001), peripheral diastolic BP (DBP, -?2 mmHg, P???0.001), central SBP (-?6 mmHg, P???0.001) and central DBP (-?2 mmHg, P???0.001), but increased heart rate (HR, 2 bpm, P?<?0.001). Theobromine did not modify these postprandial effects, but increased postprandially the brachial artery diameter (0.03 cm, P?=?0.015), and decreased the cAIx corrected for a HR of 75 (cAIx75, -?5.0 pp, P?=?0.004) and peripheral AIx (pAIx, -?6.3 pp, P?=?0.017). CONCLUSION:Theobromine consumption did not improve fasting and postprandial endothelial function, but increased postprandial peripheral arterial diameters and decreased the AIx. These findings do not suggest that theobromine alone contributes to the proposed cardioprotective effects of cocoa. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov under study number NCT02209025.

Dataset Information

Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve ?-cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

Publications

Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve β-cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

Similar Datasets

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