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Antibacterial studies of cationic polymers with alternating, random, and uniform backbones.

ABSTRACT: Antibacterial polymers have potential as pharmaceuticals and as coatings for implantation devices. The design of these materials will be optimized when we have a complete understanding of the structural features that impart activity toward target organisms and those that are benign with respect to the mammalian host. In this work, four series of polymers in which cationic and hydrophobic groups were distributed along the backbone were tested against six different bacterial species (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and for host cytotoxicities (red blood cell lysis). The most effective of the polymers studied are regularly spaced, featuring a 6-8 carbon stretch along the backbone between side chains that present positively charged groups. They cause potassium efflux, disorder the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, and disrupt the membrane potential. These polymers, available from alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization (AROMP), offer proof of principle for the importance of regular spacing in antibacterial polymers and for the synthesis of additional functional materials based on regularly spaced scaffolds.

SUBMITTER: Song A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3117943 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antibacterial studies of cationic polymers with alternating, random, and uniform backbones.

Song Airong A Walker Stephen G SG Parker Kathlyn A KA Sampson Nicole S NS

ACS chemical biology 20110317 6

Antibacterial polymers have potential as pharmaceuticals and as coatings for implantation devices. The design of these materials will be optimized when we have a complete understanding of the structural features that impart activity toward target organisms and those that are benign with respect to the mammalian host. In this work, four series of polymers in which cationic and hydrophobic groups were distributed along the backbone were tested against six different bacterial species (both Gram-pos ...[more]

PMID: 21370918

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Project description:The radical polymerization of acid-washed and unwashed softwood kraft lignin with [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) was attempted to investigate the production of lignin-based flocculants for simulated wastewater. The incorporation of METAC onto lignin resulted in a cationic charge density (2.3-3.3 meq/g), increased water solubility (89-96% in neutral pH), and increased molecular weight (70,000-210,000 g/mol) of lignin. The lignin-METAC polymers generated from acid-washed lignin had higher molecular weights than those generated from unwashed lignin. The lignin-METAC polymers showed lower resistance to thermal decomposition than unmodified lignin due to the inclusion of PolyMETAC. The unmodified acid-washed lignin samples did not significantly affect the COD of the wastewater, while the unmodified unwashed lignin samples contributed to the COD, implying that unmodified lignin was not suitable for wastewater treatment. The flocculation of wastewater with lignin-METAC led to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 17-23% and total organic carbon (TOC) drop of 51-60%. The lignin-METAC polymer with the highest molecular weight (produced from acid-washed lignin) reached the highest COD removal, while lignin-METAC polymer with the highest charge density (produced from unwashed lignin) reached the highest TOC removal. Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) studies revealed that the lignin-METAC polymer produced from acid-washed lignin with a high molecular weight generated larger and more flocs in wastewater than the lignin-METAC polymer produced from unwashed lignin. The comparison of theoretical and experimental dosages required for neutralizing the charges of wastewater demonstrated that charge neutralization was the main flocculation mechanism, although a bridging mechanism was also involved for component removals from wastewater. The use of 1 mg/L of alum along with 65 mg/L lignin-METAC in a dual coagulation-flocculation system led to higher average phosphorous (42%) and COD (44%) removals than the singular flocculation system only using 65 mg/L of lignin-METAC (with phosphorous removals of 3.4% and COD removals of 18.7%). However, lignin-METAC flocculant slightly increased the ammonia-nitrogen content in both singular flocculation and dual coagulation-flocculation systems due to the residual ammonia content of lignin-METAC. The coagulation-flocculation system determined that the use of lignin-METAC (65 mg/L) could reduce the alum dosage significantly while maintaining a similar organic content reduction of 44% for wastewater.

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Antibacterial studies of cationic polymers with alternating, random, and uniform backbones.

Publications

Antibacterial studies of cationic polymers with alternating, random, and uniform backbones.

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