Dataset Information

IQ, educational attainment, memory and plasma lipids: associations with apolipoprotein E genotype in 5995 children.

ABSTRACT: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype (?2/?3/?4: rs429358 ?4 allele; rs7412 ?2 allele) is strongly associated with both lipid levels and Alzheimer's disease. Although there is also evidence of milder cognitive impairment in later life in carriers of the APOE ?4 allele, there have been few studies investigating the impact of APOE genotype on cognitive function in children.We determined APOE genotype in 5995 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and investigated associations between APOE genotype and plasma lipids (at age 9), IQ (at age 8), memory (at ages 8 and 10), and performance in school attainment tests (at ages 7, 11, and 14).Observed genotype group counts were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (?(2)p value = .84). There were strong relationships between APOE genotype and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, which follow the same patterns as in adults. There was no strong evidence to suggest that APOE genotype was associated with IQ (all p values ? .46), memory function (p ? .35), or school attainment test results (p ? .28).Although APOE genotype does have strong associations with lipid levels in childhood, there does not seem to be meaningful effects on cognitive performance, suggesting that any detrimental effects of the ?4 allele on cognitive function are not important until later life.

SUBMITTER: Taylor AE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3130925 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

IQ, educational attainment, memory and plasma lipids: associations with apolipoprotein E genotype in 5995 children.

Taylor Amy E AE Guthrie Philip A I PA Smith George Davey GD Golding Jean J Sattar Naveed N Hingorani Aroon D AD Deanfield John E JE Day Ian N M IN

Biological psychiatry 20110107 2

<h4>Background</h4>Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype (ε2/ε3/ε4: rs429358 ε4 allele; rs7412 ε2 allele) is strongly associated with both lipid levels and Alzheimer's disease. Although there is also evidence of milder cognitive impairment in later life in carriers of the APOE ε4 allele, there have been few studies investigating the impact of APOE genotype on cognitive function in children.<h4>Methods</h4>We determined APOE genotype in 5995 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Chi ...[more]

PMID: 21215387

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundApolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism is associated with lipid levels. Some studies have reported that blood lipid response to diet or obesity varies depending on APOE genotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of APOE genotypes, the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), and obesity on serum lipid levels in Lithuanian adult population.Methodology/principal findingsA cross-sectional health survey was carried out in five municipalities of Lithuania. The random sample was obtained from lists of 25-64 year-old inhabitants registered at primary health care centres. The data from 996 subjects (416 men and 580 women) were analysed in this study. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) were assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire were used for evaluation of dietary habits. Serum lipids were determined using enzymatic methods. Men and women with the APOE2 genotype had the lowest level of total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.002 for men, and p = 0.02 for women) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, genotype APOE2, SFA intake, and body mass index (BMI) were significant determinants of TC and LDL-C level (with p values ranging from 0.043 to 0.001). Our data did not reveal any statistically significant interactions between APOE genotype and SFA intake or between APOE genotype and BMI regarding TC and LDL-C level (all p>0.05). However, the predictive power of the regression model for LDL-C improved when gene-BMI interaction and gene-BMI interaction plus gene-nutrient interaction were added (p = 0.04 and p = 0.032 for R(2) change, respectively).Conclusions/significanceAPOE genotypes, SFA intake, and obesity were found to be associated with blood lipid levels in Lithuanian adult population. Analysis of gene-diet and gene-obesity interactions did not confirm that the effects of diet and obesity on TC and LDL-C level significantly depended on APOE genotype.

Project description:Abstract Background Both antiretroviral therapy (ART) and polymorphism in genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism contribute to the development of ART-induced dyslipidemia. Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5)gene variant, which vary by race/ethnicity, influence plasma lipid concentrations. We explored the association of candidate gene effect on plasma lipid levels with food in HIV-infected children initiating ART in south India. Methods HIV-infected children, between 2 and 12 years of age initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based ART during 2010–2014 were included. They were assessed for their dietary intake by 24-hour dietary recall. Fasting blood was drawn for serum triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol and high-density cholesterol along with CD4 cell count, and HIV-1 viral load. APOA5 gene polymorphisms rs662799, rs3135506 were determined by Taqman single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays. The General Linear Model (GLM) was applied to explore the risk of hypertriglyceridemia for SNP’s rs662799 and rs3135506 with food interaction in children. Results Three hundred and ninety HIV-infected children {median age (IQR): 9 (5–11) years; and median viral load: 141,000 (25,876–436,000) copies/mL} were started on NNRTI-based ART. The frequency of c allele was 20% and 3.0% in rs662799, rs3135506, respectively. The GLM model suggested that the SNP rs662799 has significant association with TGL(P < 0.01); there was, however no interaction between gene polymorphisms and food. Also, the prediction model revealed that those who had a carrier allele (C) had higher TGL level as compared with those with wild type (165 vs. 138 mg/dL) and girls had higher TGL levels compared with boys. Conclusion Children with carrier allele of APOA5 are prone to hypertriglyceridemia, irrespective of diet or drugs. These children require periodic monitoring of lipid parameters and effective interventions to prevent the development of atherogenic or metabolic complications. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Project description:Genome-wide association study results have yielded evidence for the association of common genetic variants with crude measures of completed educational attainment in adults. Whilst informative, these results do not inform as to the mechanism of these effects or their presence at earlier ages and where educational performance is more routinely and more precisely assessed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms exhibiting genome-wide significant associations with adult educational attainment were combined to derive an unweighted allele score in 5,979 and 6,145 young participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with key stage 3 national curriculum test results (SATS results) available at age 13 to 14 years in English and mathematics respectively. Standardised (z-scored) results for English and mathematics showed an expected relationship with sex, with girls exhibiting an advantage over boys in English (0.433 SD (95%CI 0.395, 0.470), p<10(-10)) with more similar results (though in the opposite direction) in mathematics (0.042 SD (95%CI 0.004, 0.080), p = 0.030). Each additional adult educational attainment increasing allele was associated with 0.041 SD (95%CI 0.020, 0.063), p = 1.79×10(-04) and 0.028 SD (95%CI 0.007, 0.050), p = 0.01 increases in standardised SATS score for English and mathematics respectively. Educational attainment is a complex multifactorial behavioural trait which has not had heritable contributions to it fully characterised. We were able to apply the results from a large study of adult educational attainment to a study of child exam performance marking events in the process of learning rather than realised adult end product. Our results support evidence for common, small genetic contributions to educational attainment, but also emphasise the likely lifecourse nature of this genetic effect. Results here also, by an alternative route, suggest that existing methods for child examination are able to recognise early life variation likely to be related to ultimate educational attainment.

Project description:ImportanceEmerging evidence suggests that long-term exposure to ball heading in soccer, the most popular sport in the world, confers risk for adverse cognitive outcomes. However, the extent to which the apolipoprotein E ?4 (APOE ?4) allele, a common risk factor for neurodegeneration, and ball heading are associated with cognition in soccer players remains unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether the APOE ?4 allele and 12-month ball heading exposure are associated with verbal memory in a cohort of adult amateur soccer players.Design, settings, and participantsA total of 379 amateur soccer players were enrolled in the longitudinal Einstein Soccer Study from November 11, 2013, through January 23, 2018. Selection criteria included participation in soccer for more than 5 years and for more than 6 months per year. Of the 379 individuals enrolled in the study, 355 were genotyped. Three players were excluded for reporting extreme levels of heading. Generalized estimating equation linear regression models were employed to combine data across visits for a cross-sectional analysis of the data.ExposuresAt each study visit every 3 to 6 months, players completed the HeadCount 12-Month Questionnaire, a validated, computer-based questionnaire to estimate 12-month heading exposure that was categorized as low (quartiles 1 and 2), moderate (quartile 3), and high (quartile 4).Main outcome and measuresVerbal memory was assessed at each study visit using the International Shopping List Delayed Recall task from CogState.ResultsA total of 352 soccer players (256 men and 96 women; median age, 23 years [interquartile range, 21-28 years]) across a total of 1204 visits were analyzed. High levels of heading were associated with worse verbal memory performance (??=?-0.59; 95% CI, -0.93 to -0.25; P?=?.001). There was no main association of APOE ?4 with verbal memory (??=?0.09; 95% CI, -0.24 to 0.42; P?=?.58). However, there was a significant association of APOE ?4 and heading with performance on the ISRL task (?2?=?7.22; P?=?.03 for overall interaction). In APOE ?4-positive players, poorer verbal memory associated with high vs low heading exposure was 4.1-fold greater (APOE ?4 negative, ??=?-0.36; 95% CI, -0.75 to 0.03; APOE ?4 positive, ??=?-1.49; 95% CI, -2.05 to -0.93), and poorer verbal memory associated with high vs moderate heading exposure was 8.5-fold greater (APOE ?4 negative, ??=?-0.13; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.29; APOE ?4 positive, ??=?-1.11, 95% CI, -1.70 to -0.53) compared with that in APOE ?4-negative players.Conclusions and relevanceThis study suggests that the APOE ?4 allele is a risk factor for worse memory performance associated with higher heading exposure in the prior year, which highlights that assessing genetic risks may ultimately play a role in promoting safer soccer play.

Project description:Background/objectivesObesity and other predictors of type 2 diabetes disproportionally affect Hispanic and Black children in the US compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) children. Yet, the prevalence of prediabetes in children remains unestablished, and guidelines for screening young children are lacking. This study examined the relationships between demographic factors and prediabetes in vulnerable youth in central Texas.Subjects/methodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 976 3rd-5th graders (7-12 years) who participated in TX Sprouts, a school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking trial in 16 elementary schools serving mainly children from minority backgrounds and lower-income households. Measures collected included age, sex, ethnicity, free/reduced-priced school lunch (FRL) status, parent educational attainment (questionnaires), BMI from height (stadiometer) and weight (TANITA scale), and prediabetes status from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c. Regressions examined cross-sectional associations between demographics and FPG, HbA1c, and prediabetes.ResultsChildren were 47% male, 67% Hispanic, and 10% Black, with a mean age of 9.3 years; 71% received FRL, 50% had overweight/obesity, and 26% had prediabetes. Prediabetes rates were 2.8 and 4.8 times higher in Hispanic and Black children compared to NHW children, respectively (p ≤ 0.001), and 1.5 times higher in children with obesity versus normal BMI (p = 0.02). Children of parents with only an 8th-grade education, some high school education, or a high school degree had 3.1, 2.7, and 2.2 times higher odds of having prediabetes compared to children of college graduates, respectively (p ≤ 0.004). Analyses with FPG and HbA1c yielded similar results.ConclusionThese findings suggest a potential need for earlier screening, more comprehensive testing guidelines, and prevention programs tailored toward minority children, children with obesity, and children of parents with low educational attainment. Future research should explore this finding in a larger, nationally representative sample.

Dataset Information

IQ, educational attainment, memory and plasma lipids: associations with apolipoprotein E genotype in 5995 children.

Publications

IQ, educational attainment, memory and plasma lipids: associations with apolipoprotein E genotype in 5995 children.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets