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International Forum for the Advancement of Diabetes Research and Care, April 29-30, 2011, Athens, Greece.

ABSTRACT: The International Forum for the Advancement of Diabetes Research and Care brought together distinguished international experts in diabetes to discuss diverse trends and emerging issues in diabetes therapy and management. The plenary sessions on the first day focused on trends in insulin therapy, the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes treatment, the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular risk, and the challenges associated with the development of clinically relevant treatment guidelines. Interactive breakout sessions addressed the following topics: microvascular complications of diabetes; the need for a team approach to patient education; optimal management of Asian people with diabetes; the role of continuous glucose monitoring in assessing glucose variability; and lessons learned from biosimilar drugs. The plenary sessions on the second day covered self-monitoring of blood glucose, treatment and prevention of type 1 diabetes, and future directions for diabetes therapy. The meeting represented an excellent forum for the presentation of new research and the exchange of ideas aimed at improving outcomes for people with diabetes.

SUBMITTER: Bolli GB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3160268 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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International Forum for the Advancement of Diabetes Research and Care, April 29-30, 2011, Athens, Greece.

Bolli Geremia B GB Deeb Larry C LC Garg Satish K SK Leahy John L JL Mazze Roger S RS Owens David R DR Riddle Matthew C MC Southerland Phil P Strock Ellie S ES

Diabetes technology & therapeutics 20110901 9

The International Forum for the Advancement of Diabetes Research and Care brought together distinguished international experts in diabetes to discuss diverse trends and emerging issues in diabetes therapy and management. The plenary sessions on the first day focused on trends in insulin therapy, the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes treatment, the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular risk, and the challenges associated with the development of clinically re ...[more]

PMID: 21864094

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Project description:Introduction: At the cornerstone of neuroscience lies the attempt to correlate behavior and thought to brain states and activity patterns and transitions between such states. The underlying assumption to the studies we will present is that the most relevant level of description allowing such correlations is that of neuronal populations and interactions between such populations. The function of the nervous system, at the population or neuronal network level, can be studied in terms of three axes: Representation, Development, and Learning. Materials and Methods: The experimental system consists of large, random, cortical networks developing ex vivo coupled to multi-electrode-arrays. The networks are relatively free of predefined constraints and intervening variables, yet the electrophysiological, biochemical, and pharmacological properties of their neurons are mostly identical to neurons in vivo. The ex vivo developing model system enables extensive, multi-site sampling and manipulating of the relevant variables: electrical activity and the chemical milieu. The results presented here were collected by long-term recordings from these networks both at the level of the single, synaptically isolated neuron and at the level of the intact network under various environmental conditions and stimulation environments. Results: Basic biophysical aspects of response dynamics and their long-term fluctuations will be presented, at two different levels of organization: the single, isolated neuron and the intact assembly. We show that individual neurons and networks display a very complex, history dependent response patterns that pose constraints on possible representation schemes. Moreover, we will show the feasibility of such representation schemes and implications of their usage. Representation schemes at the network level can be viewed as different “codes,” with a gross division between rate and time-based codes. Finally, we will show some preliminary results regarding such fluctuations in the response dynamics at the level of intact organisms. Conclusions: The neuronal system, at any given level of organization is not only very “noisy” in its response dynamics but moreover—it is inherently non-stationary. This non-stationarity reflects internal processes, some of which are activity dependent. Our results describe the dynamics of the fluctuations in the responses to stimulation; at the network level, we show how these dynamics affect possible representation schemes with interplay between rate-based and time-based schemes. We show the advantages to either scheme depending on the stimulus properties.

Project description:The main objective of this study was chemical characterization and source apportionment of the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 samples collected in an urban background area in Athens, Greece. Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected during the summer (June-September) of 2017 and winter (February-March) of 2018 at a residential, urban background site in the outlying neighborhood of the Demokritos National Laboratory in Athens, Greece. The collected PM samples were analyzed for their chemical constituents including metals and trace elements, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), and marker of biomass burning (i.e., levoglucosan). In addition, the DCFH in vitro assay was performed to determine the oxidative potential of the PM2.5 samples. We performed a series of statistical analyses, including Spearman rank-order correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and multi linear regression (MLR) to determine the most significant species (as source tracers) contributing to the oxidative potential of PM2.5. Our findings revealed that the intrinsic (per PM mass) and extrinsic (per m3 of air volume) oxidative potentials of the collected ambient PM2.5 samples were significantly higher than those measured in many urban areas around the world. The results of the MLR analyses indicated that the major pollution sources contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 were vehicular emissions (characterized by EC) (44%), followed by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation (characterized by WSOC) (16%), and biomass burning (characterized by levoglucosan) (9%). The oxidative potential of the collected ambient PM2.5 samples was also higher in summer compared to the winter, mainly due to higher concentrations of EC and WSOC during this season. Results from this study corroborate the impact of traffic and SOA on the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 in greater Athens area, and can be helpful in adopting appropriate public health policies regarding detrimental outcomes of exposure to PM2.5.

Project description:BackgroundWe sought to perform a study to record and evaluate patients' views of the way surgeons communicate informed consent (IC) in Greece.Methodology/principal findingsA prospective pilot study was carried out in Athens from 9/2007 to 4/2008. The study sample was extracted from patients, operated by eight different surgeons, who volunteered to fill in a post-surgery self-report questionnaire on IC. A composite delivered information index and a patient-physician relationship index were constructed for the purposes of the analysis. In total, 77 patients (42 males) volunteered to respond to the questionnaire. The delivered information index scores ranged from 3 to 10, the mean score was 8, and the standard deviation (SD) was 1.9. All patients were aware of their underlying diagnosis and reason for surgery. However, a considerable proportion of the respondents (14.3%) achieved a score below or equal to 5. The patient-physician relationship scores ranged from 0 to 20, the mean score was 16 and the standard deviation (SD) was 4.3. The better the patient-physician relationship, the more information was finally delivered to the patient from the physician (Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient was 0.4 and p<0.001). Delivered information index was significantly higher among participants who comprehended the right to informed consent, compared to participants who did not (p<0.001), and among participants who were given information regarding other possible therapeutic options (p = 0.001). 43% of the respondents answered that less than 10 minutes were spent on the consent process, 58.4% of patients stated that they had not been informed about other possible therapeutic choices and 28.6% did not really comprehend their legal rights to IC.ConclusionsDespite the inherent limitations and the small sample size that do not permit to draw any firm conclusions, results indicate that a successful IC process may be associated with specific elements such as the patient-physician relationship, the time spent by the physician to inform the patient, a participant's comprehension of the right to IC and the provision of information regarding other possible therapeutic options.

Dataset Information

International Forum for the Advancement of Diabetes Research and Care, April 29-30, 2011, Athens, Greece.

Publications

International Forum for the Advancement of Diabetes Research and Care, April 29-30, 2011, Athens, Greece.

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