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Multiplexed, high density electrophysiology with nanofabricated neural probes.

ABSTRACT: Extracellular electrode arrays can reveal the neuronal network correlates of behavior with single-cell, single-spike, and sub-millisecond resolution. However, implantable electrodes are inherently invasive, and efforts to scale up the number and density of recording sites must compromise on device size in order to connect the electrodes. Here, we report on silicon-based neural probes employing nanofabricated, high-density electrical leads. Furthermore, we address the challenge of reading out multichannel data with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) performing signal amplification, band-pass filtering, and multiplexing functions. We demonstrate high spatial resolution extracellular measurements with a fully integrated, low noise 64-channel system weighing just 330 mg. The on-chip multiplexers make possible recordings with substantially fewer external wires than the number of input channels. By combining nanofabricated probes with ASICs we have implemented a system for performing large-scale, high-density electrophysiology in small, freely behaving animals that is both minimally invasive and highly scalable.

SUBMITTER: Du J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3192171 | biostudies-literature | 2011

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multiplexed, high density electrophysiology with nanofabricated neural probes.

Du Jiangang J Blanche Timothy J TJ Harrison Reid R RR Lester Henry A HA Masmanidis Sotiris C SC

PloS one 20111012 10

Extracellular electrode arrays can reveal the neuronal network correlates of behavior with single-cell, single-spike, and sub-millisecond resolution. However, implantable electrodes are inherently invasive, and efforts to scale up the number and density of recording sites must compromise on device size in order to connect the electrodes. Here, we report on silicon-based neural probes employing nanofabricated, high-density electrical leads. Furthermore, we address the challenge of reading out mul ...[more]

PMID: 22022568

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Project description:Goal: To identify copy number variation in normal individuals using high density, non-polymorphic oligonucleotide probes Background DNA sequence diversity within the human genome may be more greatly affected by copy number variations (CNVs) than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Although the importance of CNVs in genome wide association studies (GWAS) is becoming widely accepted, the optimal methods for identifying these variants are still under evaluation. We have previously reported a comprehensive view of CNVs in the HapMap DNA collection using high density 500K EA (Early Access) SNP genotyping arrays which revealed greater than 1,000 CNVs ranging in size from 1kb to over 3Mb. Although the arrays used most commonly for GWAS predominantly interrogate SNPs, CNV identification and detection does not necessarily require the use of DNA probes centered on polymorphic nucleotides and may even be hindered by the dependence on a successful SNP genotyping assay. Results In this study, we have designed and evaluated a high density array predicated on the use of non-polymorphic oligonucleotide probes for CNV detection. This approach effectively uncouples copy number detection from SNP genotyping and thus has the potential to significantly improve probe coverage for genome-wide CNV identification. This array, in conjunction with PCR-based, complexity-reduced DNA target, queries over 1.3M independent NspI restriction enzyme fragments in the 200bp to 1100bp size range, which is a several fold increase in marker density as compared to the 500K EA array. In addition, a novel algorithm was developed and validated to extract CNV regions and boundaries. Conclusions Using a well-characterized pair of DNA samples, close to 200 CNVs were identified, of which nearly 50% appear novel yet were independently validated using quantitative PCR. The results indicate that non-polymorphic probes provide a robust approach for CNV identification, and the increasing precision of CNV boundary delineation should allow a more complete analysis of their genomic organization. Keywords: Copy number variation (CNV) detection

Dataset Information

Multiplexed, high density electrophysiology with nanofabricated neural probes.

Publications

Multiplexed, high density electrophysiology with nanofabricated neural probes.

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