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Lulu2 regulates the circumferential actomyosin tensile system in epithelial cells through p114RhoGEF.

ABSTRACT: Myosin II-driven mechanical forces control epithelial cell shape and morphogenesis. In particular, the circumferential actomyosin belt, which is located along apical cell-cell junctions, regulates many cellular processes. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating the belt are not fully understood. In this paper, we characterize Lulu2, a FERM (4.1 protein, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain-containing molecule homologous to Drosophila melanogaster Yurt, as an important regulator. In epithelial cells, Lulu2 is localized along apical cell-cell boundaries, and Lulu2 depletion by ribonucleic acid interference results in disorganization of the circumferential actomyosin belt. In its regulation of the belt, Lulu2 interacts with and activates p114RhoGEF, a Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchanging factor (GEF), at apical cell-cell junctions. This interaction is negatively regulated via phosphorylation events in the FERM-adjacent domain of Lulu2 catalyzed by atypical protein kinase C. We further found that Patj, an apical cell polarity regulator, recruits p114RhoGEF to apical cell-cell boundaries via PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domain-mediated interaction. These findings therefore reveal a novel molecular system regulating the circumferential actomyosin belt in epithelial cells.

SUBMITTER: Nakajima H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3198159 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lulu2 regulates the circumferential actomyosin tensile system in epithelial cells through p114RhoGEF.

Nakajima Hiroyuki H Tanoue Takuji T

The Journal of cell biology 20111001 2

Myosin II-driven mechanical forces control epithelial cell shape and morphogenesis. In particular, the circumferential actomyosin belt, which is located along apical cell-cell junctions, regulates many cellular processes. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating the belt are not fully understood. In this paper, we characterize Lulu2, a FERM (4.1 protein, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain-containing molecule homologous to Drosophila melanogaster Yurt, as an important regulator. In ...[more]

PMID: 22006950

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Project description:The objective of the study was to understand how estrogen modulates the rigidity of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. Estrogen depletion decreased, and treatment with 17beta-estradiol increased deformability of cervical-vaginal epithelial cells. Estrogen also induced redistribution of nonmuscle myosin II-B (NMM-II-B); lesser interaction of NMM-II-B with actin; increased phosphorylation of NMM-II-B-heavy chains at threonine and serine residues; and decreased filamentation of NMM-II-B in vitro. The effects of 17beta-estradiol were time and dose related and could be mimicked by diethylstilbestrol. The effects of estrogen were blocked by cotreatment with antisense oligonucleotide for the estrogen receptor-alpha and inhibited by ICI-182,780 and tamoxifen; omission of epithelial growth factor (EGF) from the culture medium; and cotreatments with the EGF receptor inhibitor AG1478, the ERK-MAPK inhibitor PD98059, the casein kinase-II (CK2) inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-(D)-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632, and the nonspecific phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Coadministration of 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-(D)-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole plus okadaic acid blocked the 17beta-estradiol effect. H-89 or LY294002 did not significantly affect estrogen effects. Treatment with estrogen increased activation of ERK1/2 and CK2 activity. These data suggest a novel pathway of estrogen regulation of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. The effect is mediated by estrogen receptor-alpha and involves in part the EGF-EGF receptor and ERK-MAPK cascades as proximal signaling networks and the CK2 and Rho-associated kinase-regulated myosin heavy chain phosphatase as terminal effectors. Augmented phosphorylation of NMM-II-B can block filamentation and induce disassociation of the myosin from the cortical actin, and disruption of the actomyosin ring can increase cell deformability. This mechanism can explain estrogen regulation of paracellular permeability in cervical-vaginal epithelia in vivo.

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Lulu2 regulates the circumferential actomyosin tensile system in epithelial cells through p114RhoGEF.

Publications

Lulu2 regulates the circumferential actomyosin tensile system in epithelial cells through p114RhoGEF.

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