Dataset Information

Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG in Cameroon and African patients living in Italy.

ABSTRACT: HIV-1 CRF02_AG accounts for >50% of infected individuals in Cameroon. CRF02_AG prevalence has been increasing both in Africa and Europe, particularly in Italy because of migrations from the sub-Saharan region. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of CRF02_AG in Cameroon by employing Bayesian phylodynamics and analyzed the relationship between HIV-1 CRF02_AG isolates circulating in Italy and those prevalent in Africa to understand the link between the two epidemics. Among 291 Cameroonian reverse transcriptase sequences analyzed, about 70% clustered within three distinct clades, two of which shared a most recent common ancestor, all related to sequences from Western Africa. The major Cameroonian clades emerged during the mid-1970s and slowly spread during the next 30 years. Little or no geographic structure was detected within these clades. One of the major driving forces of the epidemic was likely the high accessibility between locations in Southern Cameroon contributing to the mobility of the population. The remaining Cameroonian sequences and the new strains isolated from Italian patients were interspersed mainly within West and Central African sequences in the tree, indicating a continuous exchange of CRF02_AG viral strains between Cameroon and other African countries, as well as multiple independent introductions in the Italian population. The evaluation of the spread of CRF02_AG may provide significant insight about the future dynamics of the Italian and European epidemic.

SUBMITTER: Veras NM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3206741 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG in Cameroon and African patients living in Italy.

Véras Nazle Mendonca Collaço NM Santoro Maria Mercedes MM Gray Rebecca R RR Tatem Andrew J AJ Lo Presti Alessandra A Olearo Flaminia F Cappelli Giulia G Colizzi Vittorio V Takou Desiré D Torimiro Judith J Russo Gianluca G Callegaro Annapaola A Salpini Romina R D'Arrigo Roberta R Perno Carlo-Federico CF Goodenow Maureen M MM Ciccozzi Massimo M Salemi Marco M

AIDS research and human retroviruses 20110506 11

HIV-1 CRF02_AG accounts for >50% of infected individuals in Cameroon. CRF02_AG prevalence has been increasing both in Africa and Europe, particularly in Italy because of migrations from the sub-Saharan region. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of CRF02_AG in Cameroon by employing Bayesian phylodynamics and analyzed the relationship between HIV-1 CRF02_AG isolates circulating in Italy and those prevalent in Africa to understand the link between the two epidemics. Among 291 Camero ...[more]

PMID: 21453131

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Project description:Background:The African continent accounts for over 70% of people infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The HIV sero-prevalence rate in Africa is estimated at 4.3%. In developed countries, such as France, pneumocystis is indicative of AIDS in 30% of patients; however, in Africa, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the most-documented opportunistic infection (OI) and the leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients. In 2016, Cameroon had 32,000 new cases of OI and 29,000 deaths as a result of these infections. However, there is little existing data on the epidemiological profile of OIs in Cameroon, which is why we conducted this study in accredited HIV treatment centers and care/treatment units in the two cities of Douala and Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study carried out in 12 accredited HIV treatment centers in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon, over a period of seven months from October 2017 to April 2018. A stratified sampling method was used with three sampling levels: the city, type of health facility and size of active files. Ethical clearance and administrative authorization were obtained from the appropriate authorities and data were collected using a pre-tested survey form. The data collected was entered and analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.4. Results:Out of a total of 1,617 HIV-infected patients sampled, 419 (25.9%) had at least one OI. Of these patients with an OI, 246 or 65% had a baseline CD4 count of <200/mm3. There was a significant relationship between the male gender and the onset of OI (OR = 1.47; p = 0.01). Age ? 50 years was associated with the occurrence of OI (OR = 2.57; p = 0.01). A CD4 count of <200/mm3 was also associated with the risk of developing an OI (OR = 3.12; p = <0.01). Conclusion and Global Health Implications:The prevalence of OI is high among people living with HIV (25.9%). Shingles was the most common OI found followed by pulmonary tuberculosis. Male gender, age ? 50 years, and CD4 <200/mm3 were the most common factors associated with the occurrence of these OI. These findings suggest that public health interventions for reducing HIV related co-morbidities (and implicitly mortality) should especially target the male gender for greater impact in addition to other measures.

Dataset Information

Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG in Cameroon and African patients living in Italy.

Publications

Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG in Cameroon and African patients living in Italy.

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