Dataset Information

Conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid by TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASES OF ARABIDOPSIS and YUCCAs in Arabidopsis.

ABSTRACT: Auxin is an essential hormone, but its biosynthetic routes in plants have not been fully defined. In this paper, we show that the TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA) family of amino transferases converts tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvate (IPA) and that the YUCCA (YUC) family of flavin monooxygenases participates in converting IPA to indole-3-acetic acid, the main auxin in plants. Both the YUCs and the TAAs have been shown to play essential roles in auxin biosynthesis, but it has been suggested that they participate in two independent pathways. Here, we show that all of the taa mutant phenotypes, including defects in shade avoidance, root resistance to ethylene and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), are phenocopied by inactivating YUC genes. On the other hand, we show that the taa mutants in several known auxin mutant backgrounds, including pid and npy1, mimic all of the well-characterized developmental defects caused by combining yuc mutants with the auxin mutants. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of YUC1 partially suppresses the shade avoidance defects of taa1 and the sterile phenotypes of the weak but not the strong taa mutants. In addition, we discovered that the auxin overproduction phenotypes of YUC overexpression lines are dependent on active TAA genes. Our genetic data show that YUC and TAA work in the same pathway and that YUC is downstream of TAA. The yuc mutants accumulate IPA, and the taa mutants are partially IPA-deficient, indicating that TAAs are responsible for converting tryptophan to IPA, whereas YUCs play an important role in converting IPA to indole-3-acetic acid.

SUBMITTER: Won C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3215067 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid by TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASES OF ARABIDOPSIS and YUCCAs in Arabidopsis.

Won Christina C Shen Xiangling X Mashiguchi Kiyoshi K Zheng Zuyu Z Dai Xinhua X Cheng Youfa Y Kasahara Hiroyuki H Kamiya Yuji Y Chory Joanne J Zhao Yunde Y

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20111024 45

Auxin is an essential hormone, but its biosynthetic routes in plants have not been fully defined. In this paper, we show that the TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA) family of amino transferases converts tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvate (IPA) and that the YUCCA (YUC) family of flavin monooxygenases participates in converting IPA to indole-3-acetic acid, the main auxin in plants. Both the YUCs and the TAAs have been shown to play essential roles in auxin biosynthesis, but it has been ...[more]

PMID: 22025721

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Project description:Arabidopsis seedlings (Col-0) were grown in suspension in half-strength MS medium with agitation at ~100 rpm at ~22 C under ~50 microeinsteins m-2s-1 cool white fluorescent continuous illumination as described by (Xiao et al., Plant Physiol. 2002 Dec;130(4):2118-28). Seedlings were treated at 10-12 days by addition of freshly made IAA (0.1 or 1.0uM) to each flask, and harvested after a 1 or 3 hour incubation. Controls were not treated and harvested at 0hr. All tissue harvested. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen) as described by the manufacturer and then filtered using QIAGEN RNeasy columns. cDNA was synthesized from total RNA using a Superscript double-stranded cDNA synthesis kit (Invitrogen) and a T7-dT24 primer. cRNA was synthesized using the Enzo BioArray HighYield RNA Transcript Labeling kit (Affymetrix p/n 900182) and fragmented by Mg2+ hydrolysis. 15ug per ATH1 array was hybridized overnight at 45 C. Arrays were then washed and scanned using the GeneChip FS400 fluidics station and Agilent GeneArray scanner. Images were analyzed using Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5.0, scaling to a target average intensity of 500. Spiking controls were added to the total RNA before cDNA synthesis and additional spiking samples were added to the resulting cDNA prior to cRNA synthesis.,In comparison table below:,SIGNAL_LOG_RATIO = Mean of log to base two of the experimental divided by control signal ratios across all probe pairs in a set.,CHANGE = Qualitative measurement indicating whether the probe set signal is increased (I), marginally increased (MI), not changed (NC), marginally decreased (MD), or decreased (D) as compared to a control hybridization across all probe pairs, based on a p-value calculation.,change_p-value = Measures the probability that all probe pairs in the set indicate a change, with 0 indicating strong likelyhood for increase, 0.5 indicating little probability for difference, and 1 indicating strong probability for decrease.

Dataset Information

Conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid by TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASES OF ARABIDOPSIS and YUCCAs in Arabidopsis.

Publications

Conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid by TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASES OF ARABIDOPSIS and YUCCAs in Arabidopsis.

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