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Cytokine regulation of B-cell migratory behavior favors formation of germinal centers in autoimmune disease.

ABSTRACT: Chemotaxis is essential for shaping immune responses and chemokine-receptor antagonists are now being evaluated as therapies for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the dysregulation of chemotaxis in autoimmune disease may involve both promotion and inhibition of B-cell migration. This review focuses on the disparate mechanisms by which two inflammatory cytokines that have been associated with autoimmune disease, namely interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), may regulate B-cell migratory responses. Chemotactic responses play a key role in orchestrating the cell-cell interactions in the germinal centers (GCs). This process involves active shuttling of the antigen-carrying B cells between the marginal zone and the GCs. We have shown that in autoimmune BXD2 mice, the migration of marginal zone precursor B cells is promoted by high levels of IFN-alpha produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the marginal sinus that antagonize the activity of the S1P(1) chemokine receptor. In contrast, within the GCs, interleukin-17A (IL-17A) upregulates the expression of regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) in B cells to desensitize the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway of CXCL12 and CXCL13 chemokines. This promotes a prolonged stable interaction of B and T cells in the GC that induces high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) thereby enabling development of pathogenic autoantibody-producing B cells.

SUBMITTER: Mountz JD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3249418 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cytokine regulation of B-cell migratory behavior favors formation of germinal centers in autoimmune disease.

Mountz John D JD Wang John H JH Xie Shutao S Hsu Hui-Chen HC

Discovery medicine 20110101 56

Chemotaxis is essential for shaping immune responses and chemokine-receptor antagonists are now being evaluated as therapies for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the dysregulation of chemotaxis in autoimmune disease may involve both promotion and inhibition of B-cell migration. This review focuses on the disparate mechanisms by which two inflammatory cytokines that have been associated with autoimmune disease, namely interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), ...[more]

PMID: 21276413

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Project description:The participating signals and structures that enable primary immune cells migrating within dense tissues are not completely revealed until now. Especially in autoimmune diseases, mostly unknown mechanisms facilitate autoreactive immune cells to migrate to endogenous tissues, infiltrating and harming organ-specific structures. In order to gain deeper insights into the migratory behavior of primary autoreactive immune cells, we examined peripheral blood-derived lymphocytes (PBLs) of horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), a spontaneous animal model for autoimmune uveitis in humans. In this study, we used a three-dimensional collagen I hydrogel matrix and monitored live-cell migration of primary lymphocytes as a reaction to different chemoattractants such as fetal calf serum (FCS), cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and a specific uveitis autoantigen, cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP). Through these experiments, we uncovered distinct differences between PBLs from ERU cases and PBLs from healthy animals, with significantly higher cell motility, cell speed, and straightness during migration of PBLs from ERU horses. Furthermore, we emphasized the significance of expression levels and cellular localization of septin 7, a membrane-interacting protein with decreased abundance in PBLs of autoimmune cases. To underline the importance of septin 7 expression changes and the possible contribution to migratory behavior in autoreactive immune cells, we used forchlorfenuron (FCF) as a reversible inhibitor of septin structures. FCF-treated cells showed more directed migration through dense tissue and revealed aberrant septin 7 and F-actin structures along with different protein distribution and translocalization of the latter, uncovered by immunochemistry. Hence, we propose that septin 7 and interacting molecules play a pivotal role in the organization and regulation of cell shaping and migration. With our findings, we contribute to gaining deeper insights into the migratory behavior and septin 7-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization of immune cells in organ-specific autoimmune diseases.

Dataset Information

Cytokine regulation of B-cell migratory behavior favors formation of germinal centers in autoimmune disease.

Publications

Cytokine regulation of B-cell migratory behavior favors formation of germinal centers in autoimmune disease.

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