Dataset Information

Differential regulation of adhesion complex turnover by ROCK1 and ROCK2.

ABSTRACT:

Background

ROCK1 and ROCK2 are serine/threonine kinases that function downstream of the small GTP-binding protein RhoA. Rho signalling via ROCK regulates a number of cellular functions including organisation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and cell migration.

Methodology/principal findings

In this study we use RNAi to specifically knockdown ROCK1 and ROCK2 and analyse their role in assembly of adhesion complexes in human epidermal keratinocytes. We observe that loss of ROCK1 inhibits signalling via focal adhesion kinase resulting in a failure of immature adhesion complexes to form mature stable focal adhesions. In contrast, loss of ROCK2 expression results in a significant reduction in adhesion complex turnover leading to formation of large, stable focal adhesions. Interestingly, loss of either ROCK1 or ROCK2 expression significantly impairs cell migration indicating both ROCK isoforms are required for normal keratinocyte migration.

Conclusions

ROCK1 and ROCK2 have distinct and separate roles in adhesion complex assembly and turnover in human epidermal keratinocytes.

SUBMITTER: Lock FE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3278444 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Differential regulation of adhesion complex turnover by ROCK1 and ROCK2.

Lock Frances E FE Ryan Katie R KR Poulter Natalie S NS Parsons Maddy M Hotchin Neil A NA

PloS one 20120213 2

<h4>Background</h4>ROCK1 and ROCK2 are serine/threonine kinases that function downstream of the small GTP-binding protein RhoA. Rho signalling via ROCK regulates a number of cellular functions including organisation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and cell migration.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>In this study we use RNAi to specifically knockdown ROCK1 and ROCK2 and analyse their role in assembly of adhesion complexes in human epidermal keratinocytes. We observe that loss of RO ...[more]

PMID: 22348083

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Project description:ObjectivesThe RhoA/ROCK pathway contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy in part by promoting the sustained activation of PKC?2 but the details of their interaction are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate if over-activation of ROCK in the diabetic heart leads to direct phosphorylation and activation of PKC?2, and to determine if their interaction affects PDK-1/Akt signaling.MethodsRegulation by ROCK of PKC?2 and related kinases was investigated by Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation in whole hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes from 12 to 14-week diabetic rats. Direct ROCK2 phosphorylation of PKC?2 was examined in vitro. siRNA silencing was used to confirm role of ROCK2 in PKC?2 phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in high glucose. Furthermore, the effect of ROCK inhibition on GLUT4 translocation was determined in isolated cardiomyocytes by confocal microscopy.ResultsExpression of ROCK2 and expression and phosphorylation of PKC?2 were increased in diabetic hearts. A physical interaction between the two kinases was demonstrated by reciprocal immunoprecipitation, while ROCK2 directly phosphorylated PKC?2 at T641 in vitro. ROCK2 siRNA in vascular smooth muscle cells or inhibition of ROCK in diabetic hearts reduced PKC?2 T641 phosphorylation, and this was associated with attenuation of PKC?2 activity. PKC?2 also formed a complex with PDK-1 and its target AKT, and ROCK inhibition resulted in upregulation of the phosphorylation of PDK-1 and AKT, and increased translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane in diabetic hearts.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that over-activation of ROCK2 contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy by multiple mechanisms, including direct phosphorylation and activation of PKC?2 and interference with the PDK-1-mediated phosphorylation and activation of AKT and translocation of GLUT4. This suggests that ROCK2 is a critical node in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and may be an effective target to improve cardiac function in diabetes.

Dataset Information

Differential regulation of adhesion complex turnover by ROCK1 and ROCK2.

Background

Methodology/principal findings

Conclusions

Publications

Differential regulation of adhesion complex turnover by ROCK1 and ROCK2.

Similar Datasets

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