Dataset Information

A novel IV cocaine self-administration procedure in rats: differential effects of dopamine, serotonin, and GABA drug pre-treatments on cocaine consumption and maximal price paid.

ABSTRACT: Behavior occurring during cocaine self-administration can be classified as either consummatory or appetitive. These two concepts are usually addressed independently using separate reinforcement schedules. For example, appetitive behavior can be assessed with a progressive ratio schedule, whereas consummatory behavior is typically measured using a fixed ratio schedule.Depending on the schedule used, it is often difficult to determine whether a particular drug pretreatment is affecting self-administration through an effect on appetitive responding, consummatory responding, or perhaps both. In the present study, we tested the effect of pretreating rats with four different drugs on appetitive and consummatory behaviors.We recently developed a technique that provides an independent assessment of both behavioral concepts within the same experimental session. In this threshold procedure, rats are offered a descending series of 11 unit doses (422-1.3 ?g/injection) during consecutive timed intervals under a fixed-ratio schedule. Consummatory behavior can be analyzed by assessing intake at high unit doses; an estimate of appetitive responding can be determined from responding occurring at the threshold dose. Applying behavioral economics to these data provides dependent measures of consumption when minimally constrained by price and the maximal price paid (P (max)) for cocaine.Haloperidol increased cocaine consumption when minimally constrained by price but decreased P (max). In contrast, D: -amphetamine increased P (max). Fluoxetine decreased P (max) and consumption when minimally constrained by price. Baclofen selectively decreased P (max).These data suggest that drug pretreatments can alter consummatory and appetitive behavior differently because each concept involves distinct neural mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Oleson EB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3289955 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

A novel IV cocaine self-administration procedure in rats: differential effects of dopamine, serotonin, and GABA drug pre-treatments on cocaine consumption and maximal price paid.

Oleson Erik B EB Richardson Jasmine M JM Roberts David C S DC

Psychopharmacology 20101126 2

<h4>Rationale</h4>Behavior occurring during cocaine self-administration can be classified as either consummatory or appetitive. These two concepts are usually addressed independently using separate reinforcement schedules. For example, appetitive behavior can be assessed with a progressive ratio schedule, whereas consummatory behavior is typically measured using a fixed ratio schedule.<h4>Objectives</h4>Depending on the schedule used, it is often difficult to determine whether a particular drug ...[more]

PMID: 21110008

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundPrior studies have demonstrated how price transparency lowers the test-ordering rates of trainees in hospitals, and physician-targeted price transparency efforts have been viewed as a promising cost-controlling strategy.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of displaying paid-price information on test-ordering rates for common imaging studies and procedures within an accountable care organization (ACO).DesignBlock randomized controlled trial for 1 year.SubjectsA total of 1205 fully licensed clinicians (728 primary care, 477 specialists).InterventionStarting January 2014, clinicians in the Control arm received no price display; those in the intervention arms received Single or Paired Internal/External Median Prices in the test-ordering screen of their electronic health record. Internal prices were the amounts paid by insurers for the ACO's services; external paid prices were the amounts paid by insurers for the same services when delivered by unaffiliated providers.Main measuresOrdering rates (orders per 100 face-to-face encounters with adult patients): overall, designated to be completed internally within the ACO, considered "inappropriate" (e.g., MRI for simple headache), and thought to be "appropriate" (e.g., screening colonoscopy).Key resultsWe found no significant difference in overall ordering rates across the Control, Single Median Price, or Paired Internal/External Median Prices study arms. For every 100 encounters, clinicians in the Control arm ordered 15.0 (SD 31.1) tests, those in the Single Median Price arm ordered 15.0 (SD 16.2) tests, and those in the Paired Prices arms ordered 15.7 (SD 20.5) tests (one-way ANOVA p-value 0.88). There was no difference in ordering rates for tests designated to be completed internally or considered to be inappropriate or appropriate.ConclusionsDisplaying paid-price information did not alter how frequently primary care and specialist clinicians ordered imaging studies and procedures within an ACO. Those with a particular interest in removing waste from the health care system may want to consider a variety of contextual factors that can affect physician-targeted price transparency.

Dataset Information

A novel IV cocaine self-administration procedure in rats: differential effects of dopamine, serotonin, and GABA drug pre-treatments on cocaine consumption and maximal price paid.

Publications

A novel IV cocaine self-administration procedure in rats: differential effects of dopamine, serotonin, and GABA drug pre-treatments on cocaine consumption and maximal price paid.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets