Dataset Information

Microsatellites reveal a strong subdivision of genetic structure in Chinese populations of the mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Two colour forms of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) coexist in China: a red (carmine) form, which is considered to be native and a green form which is considered to be invasive. The population genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this organism were unclear in China, and there is a controversy over whether they constitute distinct species. To address these issues, we genotyped a total of 1,055 individuals from 18 red populations and 7 green populations in China using eight microsatellite loci. RESULTS:We identified 109 alleles. We found a highly significant genetic differentiation among the 25 populations (global FST = 0.506, global FST {ENA} = 0.473) and a low genetic diversity in each population. In addition, genetic diversity of the red form mites was found to be higher than the green form. Pearson correlations between statistics of variation (AR and HE) and geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) showed that the genetic diversity of the red form was correlated with latitude. Using Bayesian clustering, we divided the Chinese mite populations into five clades which were well congruent with their geographic distributions. CONCLUSIONS:Spider mites possess low levels of genetic diversity, limit gene flow between populations and significant and IBD (isolation by distance) effect. These factors in turn contribute to the strong subdivision of genetic structure. In addition, population genetic structure results don't support the separation of the two forms of spider mite into two species. The morphological differences between the two forms of mites may be a result of epigenetic effects.

SUBMITTER: Sun JT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3309930 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microsatellites reveal a strong subdivision of genetic structure in Chinese populations of the mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).

Sun Jing-Tao JT Lian Chunlan C Navajas Maria M Hong Xiao-Yue XY

BMC genetics 20120221

<h4>Background</h4>Two colour forms of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) coexist in China: a red (carmine) form, which is considered to be native and a green form which is considered to be invasive. The population genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this organism were unclear in China, and there is a controversy over whether they constitute distinct species. To address these issues, we genotyped a total of 1,055 individuals from 18 red populations and 7 gre ...[more]

PMID: 22348504

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Project description:Environmental factors like temperature have a great impact on the predation potential of biological control agents. In the present study, the functional response of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to the pest mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at moderate to high temperatures under laboratory conditions was determined. The study aimed to understand the prey-predator interaction under different temperatures and prey densities. Five constant temperatures (24 °C, 27 °C, 30 °C, 33 °C, and 36 °C), and thirteen prey densities (4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25, 30, 32, and 40) of each stage (adult, nymph, larvae, and egg stage) were employed in the experiment. Observations were made 24 h after the start of each experiment. Results revealed that the predatory mites showed type II functional response to adult females of T. urticae, whereas type I to other stages (nymphs, larvae, and eggs) of T. urticae. The predation capability of adult predatory mites on T. urticae was significant at 24-36 °C. The instantaneous attack rate (a) of N. californicus increased and the handling time (Th) decreased with an increase in temperature. The maximum attack rate was recorded at 36 °C (1.28) for the egg stage. The longest handling time was (0.78) for the larval stage of T. urticae at 30 °C. Daily consumption increased with increasing prey density. Maximum daily consumption was observed at 33 °C (30.00) at the prey density of 40. Searching efficiency decreased with the increase in prey density but was found to increase with the rise in temperature. N. californicus was found to be voracious on the larval and egg stages. Conclusively, the incorporation of N. californicus at earlier stages (larvae and eggs) of T. urticae would be beneficial under warm conditions because managing a pest at its initial stage will save the crop from major losses. The results presented in this study at various temperatures will be helpful in different areas with different temperature extremes. The results of the functional response can also be applied to mass rearing, quality testing, and integrated pest management programmes.

Project description:Soybean is one of the most important sources of food, protein, and oil in the world. Reductions in grain number and quality are caused by different biotic stresses. One of the most common is the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), which inhibits plant growth and grain production. The identification of plant responses to early and late T. urticae infestation is important for a better understanding of the mite-plant interaction. We therefore aimed to evaluate the physiological and molecular responses of soybean plants to mite infestation for 5 and 21 days. Visual and microscopic symptoms of leaf damage, H2O2 accumulation, and lipid peroxidation increased consistently throughout the infestation period, while shoot length/dry weight, chlorophyll level, and number of days to reach specific developmental stages were negatively affected by T. urticae infestation. Using proteomic analysis, we identified 185 and 266 differentially abundant proteins after early (5 days) and late (21 days) mite infestation, respectively, which suggests a complex remodeling of diverse metabolic pathways. GO, KEGG, and protein-protein interaction analyses indicated that photorespiration, chlorophyll synthesis, amino acid metabolism, Krebs cycle/energy production, mitochondrial translation, nucleotide salvage, PS II assembly, and reductive pentose-P cycle are all impacted after both early and late infestation. Specific metabolic pathways modified only after early infestation include cell wall modification, cytoskeleton composition, cell division, and lysine/histidine metabolism, while JA biosynthesis, antioxidant system, S-adenosyl methionine cycle, PS II repair, cysteine/methionine/glutathione/ascorbate/-linolenic acid/selenocompound metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and proteasome are modified only after late infestation. These differentially abundant proteins can be used as biotechnological tools in future breeding programs aiming at increased resistance to mite infestation.

Dataset Information

Microsatellites reveal a strong subdivision of genetic structure in Chinese populations of the mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).

Publications

Microsatellites reveal a strong subdivision of genetic structure in Chinese populations of the mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).

Similar Datasets

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