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The enigma of Calonectria species occurring on leaves of Ilex aquifolium in Europe.

ABSTRACT: Species of Calonectria are common saprobes and plant pathogens on a wide range of hosts occurring in subtropical to tropical regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to resolve the status of new Calonectria collections obtained on Ilex leaves from France. Based on DNA sequence data of their ?-tubulin and histone gene regions, as well as morphology, the new collections matched the ex-type strain of Cylindrocladium ilicicola. On the host and in culture, yellow to brownish-yellow perithecia were observed that did not strain red in 3 % KOH. Based on these results, C. ilicicola and its purported teleomorph, Ca. pyrochroa, were shown to represent two distinct species, as the latter has bright red perithecia that strain purple in KOH. A new combination, Ca. lauri, based on Tetracytumlauri, is subsequently proposed for C. ilicicola. Calonectria lauri is distinct from Ca. ilicicola, a pathogen commonly associated with Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut. Finally, Ca. canadiana is proposed as new name for Cy. canadiense, which is a nursery pathogen involved with root rot of several tree genera in Quebec, Canada.

SUBMITTER: Lechat C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3348779 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The enigma of Calonectria species occurring on leaves of Ilex aquifolium in Europe.

Lechat Christian C Crous Pedro W PW Groenewald Johannes Z JZ

IMA fungus 20101102 2

Species of Calonectria are common saprobes and plant pathogens on a wide range of hosts occurring in subtropical to tropical regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to resolve the status of new Calonectria collections obtained on Ilex leaves from France. Based on DNA sequence data of their β-tubulin and histone gene regions, as well as morphology, the new collections matched the ex-type strain of Cylindrocladium ilicicola. On the host and in culture, yellow to brownish-yellow peri ...[more]

PMID: 22679568

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Project description:Many Calonectria species are causal agents of diseases on several forestry, agricultural and horticultural crops. Calonectria leaf blight is one of the most important diseases associated with Eucalyptus plantations and nurseries in Asia and South America. Recently, symptoms of leaf rot and leaf blight caused by Calonectria species were observed in a one-year-old Eucalyptus experimental plantation in GuangXi Province, southern China. To better understand the species diversity, mating strategy and pathogenicity of Calonectria species isolated from diseased tissues and soils, diseased leaves and soils under the trees from ten Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid genotypes were collected. Three hundred and sixty-eight Calonectria isolates were obtained from diseased Eucalyptus leaves and soils under these trees, and 245 representative isolates were selected based on the sampling substrates and Eucalyptus genotypes and identified by DNA sequence analyses based on the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA) and histone H3 (his3) gene regions, as well as a combination of morphological characteristics. These isolates were identified as Calonectria hongkongensis (50.2%), C. pseudoreteaudii (47.4%), C. aconidialis (1.6%), C. reteaudii (0.4%) and C. auriculiformis (0.4%). This is the first report of C. reteaudii and C. auriculiformis occurrence in China. Calonectria pseudoreteaudii was isolated from both Eucalyptus diseased leaves and soils; the other four species were only obtained from soils. MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 gene amplification and mating type assignment results showed that C. pseudoreteaudii is heterothallic and an asexual cycle represents the primary reproductive mode, C. reteaudii and C. auriculiformis are likely to be heterothallic and C. hongkongensis and C. aconidialis are homothallic. Based on the genetic diversity comparisons for C. pseudoreteaudii isolates from diseased leaves and soils, we hypothesize that C. pseudoreteaudii in soils was spread from diseased leaves. Both the mycelia plug and conidia suspension inoculations indicated that all five Calonectria species were pathogenic to the two Eucalyptus genotypes tested and the tolerance of the two genotypes differed. It is necessary to understand the ecological niche and epidemiological characteristics of these Calonectria species and to select disease resistant Eucalyptus genotypes in southern China in the future.

Dataset Information

The enigma of Calonectria species occurring on leaves of Ilex aquifolium in Europe.

Publications

The enigma of Calonectria species occurring on leaves of Ilex aquifolium in Europe.

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