HIV type 1 genetic variation in foreskin and blood from subjects in Rakai, Uganda.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Galiwango RM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3380386 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
HIV type 1 genetic variation in foreskin and blood from subjects in Rakai, Uganda.
Galiwango Ronald M RM Lamers Susanna L SL Redd Andrew D AD Manucci Jordyn J Tobian Aaron A R AA Sewankambo Nelson N Kigozi Godfrey G Nakigozi Gertrude G Serwadda David D Boaz Iga I Nalugoda Fred F Sullivan David J DJ Kong Xiangrong X Wawer Maria J MJ Gray Ronald H RH Quinn Thomas C TC Laeyendecker Oliver O
AIDS research and human retroviruses 20110919 7
The foreskin contains a subset of dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that may be targets for initial HIV infection in female-to-male sexual transmission of HIV-1. We present analyses comparing HIV-1 sequences isolated from foreskin DNA and serum RNA in 12 heterosexual men enrolled in an adult male circumcision trial performed in Rakai, Uganda. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated three topologies: (1) little divergence between foreskin and serum, (2) multiple genetic bottl ...[more]
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Project description:IntroductionMale circumcision reduces HIV acquisition in men. We assessed whether foreskin surface area was associated with HIV acquisition prior to circumcision.MethodsIn two randomized trials of male circumcision, the surface area of the foreskin was measured after surgery using standardized procedures. Nine hundred and sixty-five initially HIV-negative men were enrolled in a community cohort who subsequently enrolled in the male circumcision trials, provided 3920.8 person-years of observation prior to circumcision. We estimated HIV incidence per 100 person-years prior to circumcision, associated with foreskin surface area categorized into quartiles.ResultsMean foreskin surface area was significantly higher among men who acquired HIV (43.3 cm2, standard error 2.1) compared with men who remained uninfected (36.8 cm, standard error 0.5, P = 0.01). HIV incidence was 0.80/100 person-years (8/994.9 person-years) for men with foreskin surface areas in the lowest quartile (< or =26.3 cm2), 0.92/100 person-years (9/975.3 person-years) with foreskin areas in the second quartile (26.4-35.0 cm2), 0.90/100 person-years (8/888.5 person-years) with foreskin area in the third quartile (35.2-45.5 cm2) and 2.48/100 person-years (23/926.8 person-years) in men with foreskin surfaces areas in the highest quartile (>45.6 cm2). Compared with men with foreskin surface areas in the lowest quartile, the adjusted incidence rate ratio of HIV acquisition was 2.37 (95% confidence interval 1.05-5.31) in men with the largest quartile of foreskin surface area.ConclusionThe risk of male HIV acquisition is increased among men with larger foreskin surface areas.
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